Infecção após tratamento cirúrgico de cardiopatias congênitas: revisão sistemática da literatura

Abstract

Introduction: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common malformation in newborn. According to the cientific literature, children with CHD is more vulnerable to infections. Nosocomial infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality of children and adolescents submitted to cardiac surgery. Objectives: to determine the incidence of nosocomial infections in children and adolescent diagnosed with CHD and submitted to surgery for correction of the anomaly; analyse the nosology of infections acquired in hospital environment. Methods: The sistematic review of cientific literature was performed according to MOOSE protocol. Were selected articles of national and international journals, without limitation of time of publication, with language restriction (Portuguese, Spanish and English), through the access to online search plataforms (Scopus, Pubmed and Scielo). The describers used were: congenital cardiopathy, congenital heart disease, nosocomial infection, infection, children, child, infant. Then, the articles had their eligibility analysed by reading their titles and abstracts and the selected articles were fully read by two rewiers. Results: Sixteen studies of children and adolescents submitted to correction or palliation of CHD were included in the systematic review. Homogeneity was not found among the studies about the incidence of nosocomial infection, main infections and pathogens. The incidence of cross infections varied from 2,8 to 68% among the studies. The most common cross infections were surgical site infection, bloodstream infection, pneumonia and urinary tract infection. The most incident pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli Conclusions: Paediatric patients submitted to cardiac surgery are more vulnerable to develop nosocomial infections.