Intervenções arquitetônicas de proteção e apresentação de áreas arqueológicas: um olhar sobre a experiência italiana

Abstract

The need for archaeological research prior to the construction of new buildings, as well as the development of extensive scientific research in sites of ancient settlements, has increased the number of archaeological discoveries. This situation currently experienced in many cities, together with the increase in the values attributed to archaeological heritage, brings new challenges to the architectural projects developed at these sites. This thesis is structured to investigate what these values are and how projects should be elaborated in archeological areas. The verification of the existence of innumerous interventions that do not communicate the meaning of the vestiges brought to light or that are not committed to their insertion in a balanced way in the current context is the basis for the investigation that has as a general objective: to analyze the results of architectural interventions for the protection and presentation of archeological areas, illuminating the need for an interface between architects and archeologists. It is considered that archaeology is the discipline that possesses the ideal instruments for the reading and analysis of areas endowed with structures abandoned and hidden by new temporal strata. Likewise, the architect is the professional responsible for the transformation of the space where the remains of the past and the contemporary city coexist. In this sense, the analysis methodology was structured in an interdisciplinary way: on one hand, through the field of conservation and restoration, understood as the field of architecture responsible for the preservation and transmission to the future of the built pre-existence, even if fragmented; and on the other hand, from the perspective of archeology, the discipline responsible for bringing to light and interpreting the material testimonies of the past. As a study object, the interventions in sites constituted by remains of ancient architecture were delimited and from the analysis of the Italian experience it was revealed that, although a greater interaction between the two fields is still necessary, the current perspectives that balance conservation and valuation of the finds - understood as an attribution of meaning - come closer to the interdisciplinary goals required for this type of intervention.