Análise da efetividade da hemolaserterapia para prevenção da sintomatologia dolorosa, alterações hematológicas e impacto na qualidade de vida em pacientes com anemia falciforme

Abstract

Sickle cell anemia is one of the most common genetic diseases in Brazil, it is severe and its main clinical manifestations are painful crises and infection. An experimental study was carried out with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of Laser Therapy (ILIB) in a follow-up service for patients with this disease in preventing these symptoms. The study included 81 individuals (21 cases/60 controls) with sickle cell anemia, over 12 years of age with body weight greater than or equal to 40 kg, who were receiving treatment at the Blood Center of Bahia in the period from October 2019 to March 2020 A clinical and laboratory examination and a semi-structured interview were conducted to obtain sociodemographic and clinical data. To assess quality of life, the WHOQOL-BREF was used before and after “Intravascular Laser Irradiation of Blood” (ILIB) laser therapy. The study was approved by the ethics committee - CAEE 16676619. 7. 1001.5013. Of the participants, 21 of the cases underwent laser therapy for 10 consecutive days and the care plan (interviews for the diagnosis, development of the care process and assessment of quality of life), and another 60 (control group) participated exclusively in the intervention of the care plan care. There was a significant difference between groups. ILIB contributed to improved sleep (p<0.0001) and decreased pain crises (p value <0.0355). There was no statistically significant difference in laboratory tests before and after ILIB in the case-assessed group. Regarding quality of life, there was an improvement in the psychological domain of the WHOQOL-BREF (p-value =0.001) between the case and control groups, with changes in life practices that intensified self-care and well-being. The intervention proved to be an adjunct in the treatment of sickle cell anemia, contributing to the prevention of painful symptoms and helping to improve quality of life.