A democracia descoroada: tradição liberal e pensamento político republicano no final do Oitocentos brasileiro

Abstract

This dissertation takes as its object the opposition between the concepts of republic and monarchy in the history of Brazilian political thought and analyzes the continuity between the 19th century liberal tradition and the republican political thought. It is assumed that Republicans emerged in the Brazilian political context, not as mere opponents of the monarchy or simple enthusiasts of the new ideas that circulated among the youth of the 1870s, but as interlocutors of the liberal tradition. In this sense, this investigation deals with democratic republicanism, expressing the era that delimited a specific group of sympathizers with the ideas of the Manifesto of 1870. The objective is to treat it as a political and intellectual movement that, despite the novelty of its discourse, is founded on the traditional aspiration of the Liberal Party of the Empire for a parliamentary, accountable and federalist government. The empirical cut is the essays listed as records of the history of Brazilian political thinking. The plot was built from a political debate that took place at the beginning of the 1860s between Zacarias de Góis and Vasconcelos and the Visconde of Uruguay around the Moderating Power, through the analysis of the Tavares Bastos case and their relationship, from the beginning devout, then cetic, with the monarchy, and finally, check us out theorists of republicanism, Assis Brasil and Alberto Sales, authors whose intention is to print the Brazilian political thought to asymmetrical antithesis between republic, modern and liberal, and monarchy, obsolete and absolutist. As a theoretical-methodological support, this work relies on Mark Bevir's perspective on the logic of the history of ideas, especially the heuristic meaning that he confers to the terms tradition and dilemma. It is concluded that democratic republicanism both revitalizes the themes of the liberal tradition of the empire in a new language and style of scientific thought, as it responds to the problematic image that exists among the liberals, after crisis of 1868, gives monarchy as a political system outdated and incapable of reform-it has in the sense of establishing itself, definitively, as self-government regime.