Vivências das famílias de adolescentes vítimas de violência sexual: um estudo no CREAS de um município baiano

Abstract

Sexual violence is a violation of rights and a public health issue. Children and adolescents are at greater risk of being sexually victimized due to the vulnerability and dependence typical of each developmental period. Various consequences can be associated with mental health and behavioral problems, not only for the victims but also for their families. Considering that the provision of care and the development of coping strategies for sexual violence must consider the family as a whole, this research aimed to analyze the experiences of families with adolescent victims of sexual violence who access the Specialized Reference Center for Social Assistance (CREAS) in a municipality in the interior of Bahia. The research is linked to the "Human Development and Educational Practices in Health" line of the Professional Master's Program in Health Psychology (UFBA - IMS/CAT), which aims to study human development and its relationship with health in the environmental, family, institutional, and community context. The design adopted was qualitative, of a descriptive-exploratory nature. Participants in the study were three caregivers of adolescents registered with the Specialized Social Assistance Reference Center (CREAS) due to victimization by sexual violence. Data collection involved the use of multiple techniques in distinct stages: narrative interview, genogram, and ecomap. Data analysis was conducted based on the construction of meaning cores, grounded in Vygotsky's historical-cultural perspective. From the analysis, four meaning cores emerged: sexual violence as a rupture and a challenge to understanding; the emotional and relational impacts of sexual violence and the required adaptations; ambivalences of the institutional and informal protection network; and social and structural dimensions of sexual violence. Based on these results, a Technical Technological Product was developed in accordance with the objectives of the Professional Master's Program. This product is a guide, in e-book format, directed at parents and guardians of adolescent victims of sexual violence, aiming the appliance of scientific knowledge in practice and contributing to the improvement of practices in the protection network services. In conclusion, this research contributes to a broader understanding of the role of families in addressing sexual violence and the need for intersectoral public policies that guarantee continuous and humane support.