Silva, Robson Almeida; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9808-1691; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2063092593220654
Resumo:
The phytochemical study of plant species from the semi-arid and Recôncavo regions
of Bahia has shown the presence of metabolites with relevant pharmacognostic and
biotechnological properties. In a scenario of growing demand for sustainable solutions,
the application of plant active ingredients in natural photoprotectors becomes a
potential alternative. Hancornia speciosa Gomes has high antioxidant potential,
although its use as a photoprotective agent remains incipient. This study investigated
the chemical profile of extracts and fractions from the leaves and stem of the species
using high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS), with subsequent analysis
by molecular networks (Feature-based Molecular Networking - GNPS), and evaluated
their antioxidant and photoprotective properties. A technological mapping was also
conducted (via the PRISMA protocol) that showed the growth of innovations related to
antioxidants and natural photoprotectors, although with limited Brazilian participation.
The extracts were subjected to in vitro antioxidant tests (DPPH·, FRAP, total phenolic
content and beta-carotene degradation), as well as determination of the sun protection
factor (SPF) by the Mansur method. Additionally, a factorial design (33-1) was applied
to optimize cosmeceutical formulations based on the extracts. The results indicated
that the ethanolic extract of the stem (EETC) showed the best antioxidant performance
(95.48±1.36% in DPPH·) and the highest reducing capacity in FRAP (45,008±858.30
µM FeSO₄/g). Metabolomic analysis revealed 56 putatively annotated compounds,
distributed in 334 clusters and 3,481 nodes, highlighting glycosylated flavonoids,
iridoids, pyrrolizidine alkaloids, carbohydrates and amino acids. A correlation was
observed between the structure of glycosylated flavonoids and their antioxidant
activity. In the antimicrobial screening, EETF inhibited Bacillus cereus (78.44±2.63%)
and EETC was more effective against Candida auris (57.24±3.37%), with lower toxicity
against Artemia salina. The optimized formulation with EETC obtained SPF higher than
44, demonstrating its high potential for cosmeceutical applications. Therefore, H.
speciosa proves to be a promising source of bioactive metabolites, with prospects for
the development of natural photoprotectors of high biotechnological value, reinforcing
the importance of future studies, especially with the application of nanotechnologies.
