EXTRATO E ÓLEO DE CAFÉ VERDE: FITOQUÍMICA, DESENVOLVIMENTO DE SISTEMAS NANOESTRUTURADOS E AVALIAÇÃO IN VITRO DO POTENCIAL ANTIMICROBIANO ASSOCIADO À TERAPIA FOTODINÂMICA

Abstract

Coffee is one of the main tropical crops, with Brazil accounting for more than a third of global production. It contains bioactive compounds such as chlorogenic acids that provide health benefits, such as antimicrobial activity, and is a natural alternative in combating antibiotic resistance, which is currently one of the main global threats to public health. In addition, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has also emerged as a way to overcome microbial resistance, using photosensitizers, light and oxygen to generate reactive species that kill microorganisms. The objective of the study was to establish the phytochemical profile of the oil and extract of green Coffea arabica L. beans, develop a nanostructured system, and evaluate in vitro its antimicrobial potential associated with PDT against MRSA. The green coffee oil was characterized using gas chromatography and the green coffee extract by high-performance liquid chromatography, both coupled with mass spectrometry. Microemulsions were prepared using the low-energy emulsification method, containing green coffee oil and extract, stabilized by surfactants. The in vitro antimicrobial potential of the developed microemulsion system and the green coffee extract was evaluated through photodynamic therapy, using high-intensity blue LED light. The dispersed systems obtained presented droplet size of approximately 25 to 60 nm, PDI of 0.088 to 0.290 and zeta potential of approximately -12 to -25 mV, at different temperatures and stability tests. In addition, they exhibit the behavior of a Newtonian fluid with a viscosity of approximately 30 cP. Furthermore, they were effective in treating microorganisms at lower doses than previously reported in the literature and were enhanced when associated with photodynamic therapy, acting at a minimum concentration of green coffee extract of 250 µg.ml−1 and when photoactivated, acting at 125 µg.ml−1, in addition to also showing activity without the incorporated extract. This study reveals a product that structures the use of plant-derived substances in the pharmaceutical industry, stimulating the bioeconomy and contributing to family farming, considering the economic importance of coffee in Brazil