Resumo:
This dissertation analyzes the Law of the Tendency of the Rate of Profit to Fall (LTRPF) as a
theoretical foundation to understand the paradigmatic shift in the Brazilian economy, marked
by the transition from developmentalism to neoliberalism, which occurred from the late 1980s
to the 1990s. Based on Marxist Political Economy (MPE), the study explores how the reversal
of the long-term trend in the rate of profit influenced this historical process. The research
highlights that the profitability crisis, associated with the exhaustion of developmentalist
policies, led to the adoption of a neoliberal model characterized by profound structural changes
in the Brazilian economy. Through theoretical and empirical analyses, the implications of this
shift for the dynamics of capitalism in the country are discussed, revealing how the inherent
contradictions of capitalism shaped the transition between these two economic paradigms.
