Análise descritiva do perfil clínico de adultos com doença falciforme em hospital público

Abstract

Introduction – Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic disorder predominantly affecting black and brown individuals, with high prevalence and incidence. Erythrocytes containing hemoglobin S (HbS) assume a sickle-like shape, which can lead to tissue damage in various organs, frequently accompanied by pain, physical-functional impairments, and emotional, social, and occupational losses. In this context, further studies are necessary to gain a more comprehensive understanding of SCD, its associated complications, and its potential biopsychosocial impact. Objective – To assess the clinical, physical-functional, and emotional aspects of adults with SCD receiving care at a public referral hospital in Salvador, Bahia. Materials and Methods – Thirty-eight adults with SCD participated in this quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional study, conducted between May and December 2024. The clinical profile was established through a detailed anamnesis, which included sociodemographic characteristics, pain assessment using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), and the application of the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the PROMIS Fatigue-Short Form v1.0-Fatigue 7A (PROMIS F-SF). Descriptive statistical analyses were performed using R software. Results: The sample exhibited an equitable gender distribution and a mean age of 33.5 years. The majority were single (65.8%), Black (55.3%) or mixed-race (42.1%), had completed high school (50%), and reported a monthly family income of up to one minimum wage (71.1%). The predominant SCD genotypes were HbSS (71.1%) and HbSC (28.9%). All participants (100%) experienced chronic pain, and 94.8% had femoral head osteonecrosis (FHO). Moderate pain intensity (VAS) was reported by 44.7%, with severe impacts on daily life (IBD) observed in 60% of cases. Symptoms suggestive of anxiety were identified in 34.2% of participants, while 26.3% screened positive for depression (HADS). Additionally, 69.6% reported moderate fatigue (PROMIS F S-F), and physical health domains were notably impaired, indicating a compromised health-related quality of life (HRQoL) (SF-36). Conclusion: This study underscores the relevance of assessment tools in the diagnosis, monitoring, and management of SCD, highlighting its significant biopsychosocial impacts. These findings contribute to the scientific literature and may inform more effective clinical practices for individuals with SCD.