Agricultura familiar camponesa e a dinâmica de classes no meio rural brasileiro: resistência, ascensão e esfacelamento

Abstract

This thesis seeks to analyze the dynamics of classes that operate in the Brazilian rural environment from 1850 to 2022. Based on concepts minted by Marx, Poulantzas and Thompson, the research presents the interaction of rural fractions of the working and capitalist classes with the State Brasileiro and the consequent conflict arising from this process. To understand this Brazilian historical experience, the concepts of historical act, class in movement, class fraction, means of production and relational State are used, from which the offer of public policies for the rural environment is observed from the process of the constitution of the class fractions that act in the field of Brazil. For this purpose, the literature is initially used, which allows conceptually to pave the way for the instruments for concrete analysis. Then, in the second chapter, based on these concepts, an effort is made to understand the peasant as a class, thus aiming to explain better how class dynamics occur in rural Brazil around peasant family farming and agribusiness. In the third chapter, the Brazilian experience is analyzed in the first period of analysis, from 1850 to 1994, through the historical material of the constitution of the structure of the state apparatus focused on rural development and the public policies offered. This same exercise is carried out in the second period, from 1995 to 2022, to understand the divergences that express the class struggle in search of consolidating its production demands within the State. Finally, the learning resulting from the research is listed, on which an effort is also made to interpret this dynamic in the current context.