Planejamento urbano e saneamento básico: uma análise sobre a implementação das diretrizes de saneamento básico estabelecidas no PDDU 2016 de Salvador

Abstract

Over the years, urban planning in Brazil has generated plans and proposals that, even aimed at improving the lives of the population, have left portions of society on the sidelines. From sanitary urbanism to urban entrepreneurship, the social structure and economic model of cities have resulted in heterogeneous, exclusionary, and segregating development. The access to quality public services represents a front in the struggle for the right to the city, in such a way that the deprivation of public basic sanitation services, understood as public services of water supply, sanitary sewage, stormwater drainage and management, urban cleaning and solid waste management, must also be fought in terms of management. Although much progress has been made in terms of basic sanitation, Salvador is configured as an unequal city in several aspects, including in terms of access to public basic sanitation services. The Municipality's situation regarding the implementation of public policies and their instruments is questionable. Regarding the main instrument of urban planning, the Master Plan for Urban Development (PDDU), Salvador has a history of judicialization due to the lack of social control mechanisms, in addition to not complying with the minimum content required by law. About the basic sanitation planning instrument, after a gap between the institution of the National Basic Sanitation Law (LNSB) in 2007 and the year 2020, Salvador finally started the process of elaborating the Municipal Integrated Basic Sanitation Plan (PMSBI). The objective of this work is to analyze the process of implementing the guidelines for public basic sanitation services established in the 2016 PDDU of Salvador. To this end, the research was divided into three stages, the first focusing on the PDDU and on the analysis of the exposed guidelines. The second stage consisted of reviewing legislation and document research on public institutions that make up the management of basic sanitation in Salvador. Finally, the third stage consists of conducting semi-structured interviews with representatives of institutions responsible for managing basic sanitation in the city, using the method of content analysis to systematize and interpret data. As a result, it was understood that, in addition to the delay in the preparation and implementation of the basic sanitation planning instrument, the management of basic sanitation in Salvador is fragmented and poorly articulated, both in relation to providers, entities and agencies as well as the components themselves. of basic sanitation. It was concluded that the relationship between the city's urbanization process and basic sanitation services is complex and should be broadly addressed both in studies for the elaboration of laws and instruments, as well as in the implementation of urban policies. The City has deep class, ethnic-racial and gender inequalities and these attributes are still left aside in some sectorial policies, such as basic sanitation, given the difficulty of putting into practice the fundamental principles such as equity, universalization and intersectoriality in the municipal basic sanitation public policy.