Comportamento residual do compósito de gesso com fibra de sisal tratados com produto antichama em situação de incêndio

Abstract

Finishing and coating materials are one of the most efficient passive protection measures for fire safety in construction, and become increasingly relevant after several accidents caused by fire. Several technological and scientific advances have allowed the improvement of traditional materials, such as plasterboard sheets, through the development of composite materials. The main objective of this research was to develop a plaster composite with sisal fibers treated with fire retardant products for use in buildings, evaluating the efficiency of CKC2020 and SHX 9020 products applied to sisal fibers, the influence of fiber content and the number of layers in the behavior against fire and the adhesion of the compounds, as well as the thermal performance when compared with plasterboard sheets on the market. The results showed that the hornification treatment with 10 cycles of wetting and drying promoted significant changes in the microstructure and surface of the fibers, reducing water absorption and reducing the hydrophilic nature. However, samples treated with 10 cycles of flame retardant products improved the response to fire and reduced the speed of fiber burning. The results also indicated greater adhesion between the plaster matrix and the reinforcement with sisal fibers treated with a flame-retardant product, increasing ductility when using the CKC2020 product and reducing the resistance of the sheets with the SHX9020 product. The thermal performance of the composites indicated a decrease in the acceleration of the heat release rate of the samples and the height of the area charred by the fire. Composite sheets, compared to ST and RF plasterboard sheets, did not show the formation of embers on the surface during burning and the hornification treatment of the fibers favored fire resistance. Composite sheets based on gypsum and sisal fiber treated with flame retardant products through hornification helped to improve the fire behavior of the composites and provide a delay in incineration in fire situations.