Análise dos fatores de competitividade da energia eólica: um estudo de caso no complexo eólico alto sertão na Bahia

Abstract

The growing demand for electricity in Brazil has significant economic implications for the energy market. In this context, it is important to investigate alternative sources that can meet this demand, as well as understanding the main factors that influence this process. However, given the consolidation of fossil sources in economic and technical terms, it is necessary to understand the competitiveness factors that can be considered as potentialities or restrictions for the full development of wind energy. Therefore, the general objective of this research was to analyze the competitiveness factors of wind energy, using the Alto Sertão wind complex, located in the State of Bahia, as a case study. To achieve this objective, the following specific objectives were established. The innovative aspect was understanding the factors that influence the competitiveness of renewable energy, in particular wind energy, in the Northeast region of Brazil, focusing on the State of Bahia. And use a methodological approach that integrates data from secondary sources and interviews to analyze the identified competitiveness factors. The methodology used in this research was based on an exploratory documentary approach, which predominantly used secondary sources of data, combined with interviews. It sought regulated information from government bodies. To understand the factors that influence the competitiveness of wind energy in the Northeast region, particularly in the State of Bahia, a research approach was adopted that took into account the nature of the problem, the objectives and the technical procedures adopted. The research predominantly used secondary sources of data, combined with interviews. The results found in this research, based on the joint analysis of the focal points and competitiveness factors of wind energy using the Brazilian Industry Competitiveness Study - ECIB model, indicate three factors that confer competitiveness to the sector. Unlike other states in the Northeast, which have a greater occurrence of winds on the coast, Bahia has its greatest wind potential concentrated in the interior, east of the São Francisco River, from Serra do Espinhaço to Juazeiro. This is due to the low cloudiness and the high atmospheric pressure process that moves towards the Northeast, resulting in excellent quality winds for wind generation, which makes the region competitive. Also highlighting in the Brazilian Northeast, the average cost of generating electricity in wind farms is relatively low compared to other parks in other countries, and in relation to the Alto Sertão Wind Farm Complex – BA, it presents important aspects of economic, social and competitiveness. environmental. Great capacity to generate jobs and boost the local economy, in environmental aspects, minimizing impacts on local fauna and flora and respecting environmental preservation standards. Another highlight was the indicator of economic and financial competitiveness and sustainability, identified by Capital Expenditure (CAPEX), which was very favorable, highlighting the competitiveness factor, its excellent capacity to generate cash for investment, measured by CAPEX, excellent generation potential, installed capacity, average wind speed and generation cost