Fitorremediação de solos contaminados por derramamento de petróleo.

Abstract

With the growth of the world population and the advance of the global economy, the demand for consumer goods has undergone a great increase, with the production of petrochemicals being increasingly requested. The most popular products are: Naphtha, gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil, lubricating oil, fuel oil, asphalt, fertilizers, detergents, waxes, Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) and plastics. Oil is considered one of the largest sources of energy on the planet and its industrial production consists of well drilling, refining, storage, transportation and distribution. During its prospection, process and production, soil contamination can occur with the main sources being accidents with fuel leakage, disposal of residual lubricants from production, discharge and leakage of solvents in industrial areas, incorrect storage of lubricating oils, as well as leaks during oil exploration. As a way to mitigate the environmental damage caused by these contaminations, accentuated by the oil residence time in the soil, investments have been made in remediation techniques. Phytoremediation is a promising, economically viable technique for recovering contaminated soils. It is based on the use of plant species to partially or substantially remove the concentration and ∕ or toxicity of contaminants in the degraded environment. In the present work, we discuss the available methods and techniques for the phytoremediation of soils contaminated by oil and its derivatives, their advantages and disadvantages.