O CÂNCER DE BOCA NO ESTADO DA BAHIA: UMA SÉRIE HISTÓRICA DO SISTEMA ÚNICO DE SAÚDE

Abstract

Oral cancer includes the lip, tongue, floor of the mouth, and areas covered by the gums. The most common histological type is squamous cell carcinoma, comprising 90% of lesions. The incidence increasing of this disease occurs in several countries and the 5-year survival rate has remained around 50%. Descriptions of patterns and trends provide epidemiological information that can guide policies to better manage prevention and treatment. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the clinical, sociodemographic and time until treatment indicators for oral squamous cell carcinoma in Bahia. It was an observational, retrospective, analytical study of data collected from 2010 to 2017, based on the Hospital Registries of Cancer from INCA and the Mortality Information System from the Ministry of Health of Brazil. Data regarding education, age, sex, race, smoking and alcohol consumption, location, staging, time from consultation to treatment and mortality data were collected. Data were tabulated and statistical analysis was performed with Minitab version 20.4 and OriginPro version 9.7.0.188 softwares. There were 1,889 cases of mouth cancer, most of them belonged to men (75.8%), between 50 and 59 years of age (31.9%), of mixed race (68.6%), with complete elementary education (43.7%), smokers (48.4%) and alcoholics (37.3%). The most affected region was the tongue (C02) (29.2%) and the most frequent stage was 4 (41.8%). Statistically significant associations (p < 0.05) of sociodemographic variables with location and staging of the oral lesion were observed. It was noted that most patients are diagnosed within 30 days, however, most do not receive treatment within 60 days of diagnosis. Mortality rates showed an upward trend for both sexes, particularly between seventh and eighth decades of life and in the base of the tongue (C01).