Os efeitos do gênero e da idade nas medidas acústicas tradicionais e cepstrais em vozes saudáveis e disfônicas: Revisão de Literatura Sistemática

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Vocal production is multidimensional. Physiological, biomechanical adjustments and aerodynamic forces result in the production of the acoustic signal and it is captured by the auditory system. 'Gender' and 'age' are the most reported factors in the scientific literature, regarding their influence on the behavior of acoustic parameters. Investigating the implications of instrumental analysis for understanding and applicability in different populations, based on vocal behavior, can improve the accuracy of voice acoustic analysis. AIM: To analyze scientific productions on the effects of gender and age on traditional and cepstral acoustic measures in healthy and dysphonic voices. METHODOLOGY: This is a comprehensive systematic review of the literature among articles indexed in the databases: EMBASE, Web of Science, MedLine, Scopus and LILACS, with a cut from 1980 to 2022, according to the criteria established by Cochrane and PRISMA. Given the heterogeneous nature of the studies, the samples were grouped and categorized for methodological analysis. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 108 articles were included. RESULTS: Of the total number of articles included (n=108), twenty-two (n=22; p=20%) studies conducted in Brazil were identified. Among the acoustic measures of f0, disturbance and noise, fourteen (n=14; p=13%) studies showed significant differences between genders and with greater variations in the values of the acoustic measures extracted as a function of age (n=6; p =6%). The CPP and CPPS measures showed positive sensitivity for normal dysphonic voices in both genders and ages, especially in connected speech. CONCLUSION: Dialectal, phonoarticulatory and cultural variations, as well as social determinants in health interact with behavior and vocal production. The changes identified in the acoustic signal for each gender and age are more closely related to biological sex, but vocal production had repercussions due to social, cultural and emotional aspects.