Distributed generation and solar photovoltaic energy: the case of Brazil

Abstract

Electricity generation worldwide is mainly based on large plants located far away from consumer centers. Although in many countries, a new the distributed generation (DG) model is emerging. In this new model, the consumer (prosumer) produces his own energy near the point of consumption, which it gives autonomy, flexibility and freedom. In Brazil, the DG has gained notoriety and has been expanding significantly. Photovoltaic energy is the technology DG predominantly used in Brazil, which undoubtedly contributes to avoid GEE emissions. However, this new model has generated a divergence of interests between energy consumers and energy distributors. In this context, the main objectives of this paper are: to present the evolution of DG in Brazil and its current legislation; and to make a critical synthesis the DG legal framework considering its scenarios, opportunities and risks in the DG market. The adopted methods ware an exploratory research, a general contextualization of DG in Brazil and a critical analysis. The results obtained showed: the growth of the DG market in Brazil; the divergence of interests between energy distribution companies and prosumers; and also showed the existence of six scenarios for DG which in five of them the current benefits of the prosumers will be reduced.