Dissertação de Mestrado Profissional (ISC)

O racismo como determinante para o ofidismo letal na Bahia: um estudo epidemiológico (2010 -2021).

Wed, 16 Jul 2025 00:00:00 GMT

O racismo como determinante para o ofidismo letal na Bahia: um estudo epidemiológico (2010 -2021). Ferreira, Diogo dos Santos Mise, Yukari Figueroa Snakebite is a public health problem affecting people in tropical countries around the world. In Brazil, this condition still victimizes many people, especially Black and Indigenous people. The objective of this study was to analyze and compare lethal snakebite rates between Black and White people in the state of Bahia. The lethality of snakebite among Black people (0.54%) is higher than among White people (0.49%). The chance of Black people dying as a result of delayed treatment of the accident (OR: 2.66; p = 0.004) is lower than among White people (OR: 6.58; p = 0.06), however, the relationship between delayed treatment and death is not statistically supported in White people, suggesting that this result does not reflect reality. The sex variable modified the effect of the relationship between TPA and outcome, where women (OR: 5.30; p < 0.001) have a greater chance of death than men (OR: 1.66; p = 0.25). In conclusion, Black people are at greater risk of death than white people, more specifically Black women have a greater risk of dying as a result of snakebite. Universidade Federal da Bahia Dissertação

Núcleo hospitalar de epidemiologia: um estudo de avaliabilidade em dois hospitais gerais do estado da Bahia no ano de 2025.

Tue, 16 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Núcleo hospitalar de epidemiologia: um estudo de avaliabilidade em dois hospitais gerais do estado da Bahia no ano de 2025. Santos, Carmem Luciana Cardoso Martins Miranda, Samilly Silva Epidemiological Surveillance aims to quickly and effectively detect diseases and conditions of public health concern, acting in a timely manner and producing accurate information to assist health managers in the decision-making process. The Hospital Epidemiology Center (NHE) is a strategy that promotes epidemiological surveillance actions in hospital settings. However, there is a lack of literature on the implementation and implementation of NHEs, as well as studies mapping the causality actions involved in the products developed, or even NHE monitoring and evaluation actions. Therefore, this research aims to develop an evaluability study of NHEs from two General Hospitals in the State of Bahia. To this end, an exhaustive review of public regulations and related literature was conducted. A semi-structured interview guide was then applied to a convenience sample of key informants. Data analysis was performed using the Bardin technique. The investigation demonstrated that the NHE policy in the State of Bahia has clearly defined objectives, as it was possible to construct the NHE Logical Model based on its description. Furthermore, it developed, based on its products and results, an Indicator Matrix considering the contributions of key stakeholders. Thus, it was possible to infer that NHEs are capable of undergoing future evaluation actions. However, we must consider the contributions of key stakeholders involved in the development of this strategy, which aims to promote health surveillance. Universidade Federal da Bahia Dissertação

Comunicação digital para agropecuárias gestantes sobre os riscos da exposição a agrotóxicos.

Tue, 16 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Comunicação digital para agropecuárias gestantes sobre os riscos da exposição a agrotóxicos. Machado, Fabrine Cerqueira Cremonese, Cleber Introduction: Pesticides are synthetic chemical substances used in various phases of the agricultural process, with the aim of modifying the composition of fauna and flora in order to eliminate unwanted organisms. Brazil is one of the world's largest consumers of these substances, and their use for commercial purposes and in subsistence agriculture has been compromising people's health. Pesticides can be related to the appearance of various diseases, which makes exposure to these products dangerous for vulnerable groups, especially pregnant women. Residues of these substances are found in the umbilical cord, in breast milk, and are absorbed by the fetus through the placenta, potentially leading to miscarriages, malformations, low birth weight, and problems in fetal development. Therefore, creating strategies to minimize these risks is of great importance. In this sense, the sharing of information is necessary and should be based on clear and accessible communication, finding in digital technologies the reinforcement of social networks and the support of education as important tools. Objective: To develop digital communication content to guide/inform pregnant women in agriculture about the risks of exposure to pesticides during pregnancy. Method: The videocast was distributed in three episodes, presented in an interview format conducted by a moderator/presenter, who asked guiding questions answered by expert guests on the topic. The content was recorded using the Google Teams video conferencing application and, after editing, the material was uploaded to a YouTube account entitled "Pregnant Women X Pesticides." The videocast is intended for pregnant agricultural workers exposed to pesticides, which does not exclude access by family members, healthcare professionals, or anyone interested in the subject. Results: The videos were recorded on pre-arranged days and times with the guests, using the Google Teams platform. The first episode featured a nurse who discussed the main changes in a woman's body during pregnancy. The second episode featured a doctor who explained the concept of pesticides, their applicability, and the risks associated with them to human health. Finally, in the third video, the interviewee discussed the risks of exposure for pregnant women and their babies, as well as presenting some possible strategies to reduce or eliminate these risks. Final Considerations: The proposal consisted of creating a simple and objective product capable of reaching pregnant women in agricultural areas exposed to pesticides. To this end, digital content was chosen, considering the wide accessibility of this format. Three videos were developed, in videocast format, addressing topics related to pregnancy and the risks of pesticide exposure. This study aimed to give visibility to this population group, while prioritizing the exchange of qualified information that can serve as a tool for care, awareness, and empowerment. Universidade Federal da Bahia. Instituto de Saúde Coletiva Dissertação

Resistência microbiana a antibióticos: situação nas Unidades de Pronto Atendimento de Salvador, Bahia, 2023 e 2024.

Wed, 17 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Resistência microbiana a antibióticos: situação nas Unidades de Pronto Atendimento de Salvador, Bahia, 2023 e 2024. Almeida, Aline Farias de Teixeira, Maria da Glória Lima Cruz Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents one of the greatest global public health threats, imposing high costs and limiting therapeutic options. In Brazil, prevention and surveillance policies are traditionally concentrated in the hospital environment, leaving a significant gap in pre-hospital emergency services, such as Emergency Care Units (ECU). These units, designed for patient care for up to 24 hours, face prolonged patient stays, structural limitations, and a lack of mandatory surveillance for Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), creating a potential environment for the acquisition and dissemination of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs). This cross-sectional and descriptive study analyzed MDRO notifications registered by the State Infection Control Center (NECIH/DIVISA) in Bahia, Brazil, in 2023 and 2024, aiming to characterize the epidemiological profile of patients with MDROs and a prior history of care in ECU in Salvador. A total of 2,260 notifications from the city were analyzed, revealing a 47.5% increase over the period. The predominant profile was male (58.6%) and elderly individuals aged ≥ 60 years (66.7%). Most cultures (69.6%) were collected after the second day of hospitalization. Among cases with early identification (≤ 2 days), ECU emerged as the second leading source of origin (25.2% in 2023 and 26.4% in 2024), second only to other hospitals. Among the 89 cases specifically attributed to ECU, colonization predominated (78.6%). The most frequent pathogens were carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The use of invasive devices was prevalent even among these patients. The results demonstrate that ECU are integrated into the MDRO transmission chain, acting as an entry point for these pathogens into the hospital network. It is concluded that there are critical gaps in the early detection and surveillance of AMR at the pre-hospital level, reinforcing the urgent need to integrate ECU into infection control strategies through the implementation of screening protocols, strengthening of bed regulation, and staff training, aiming to curb the spread of MDROs and enhance patient safety in the emergency care network. Universidade Federal da Bahia Dissertação