Dissertação (PPGREAB)

Perfil da variabilidade motora em atletas de crossfit: um estudo transversal

Fri, 21 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Perfil da variabilidade motora em atletas de crossfit: um estudo transversal Gomes Junior, Arivan Oliveira Miranda, José Garcia Vivas Introduction: CrossFit is a high-intensity, high-complexity exercise program whose number of followers has been growing steadily in recent years. Since the scientific literature on this topic highlights the prevalence of injuries and the association with the level of experience in practicing the sport, better understanding the dynamics of functional movement from this perspective, according to the time of practice of the sport, can provide valuable information on how movement is modulated. Objective: to elucidate the differences in motor behavior between athletes according to their experience in the sport, in relation to linear and non-linear variables, and the respective motor variability, comparing the biomechanical patterns between them in the execution of two basic movements. Method: Exploratory cross-sectional study in which the movement decomposition method was used to evaluate 39 CrossFit athletes, aged between 18 and 45 years, of all genders, by capturing video images during repetitions of the Squat and Press. The variables used were trajectory, number of movement elements (N), percentage distance in relation to the theoretical model (W) and their variability. Categorical variables were presented as absolute and relative frequency, while continuous data were presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD), median and interquartile range. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the variable W on the vertical axis, between the beginner group and the other groups, intermediate (H=-68.87; p<0.001) and experienced (H=- 54.48; p<0.001), in both movements. Conclusion: There was no statistically significant difference in motor variability between the groups, but the values show that experienced athletes present a change in motor strategy, indicating a significant increase in the similarity index, with a greater percentage distance from movement optimization in relation to Hoff's mathematical model. Universidade Federal da Bahia Dissertação

Efeitos do exercício isométrico de preensão manual nas respostas cardiovasculares de idosos: uma revisão sistemática e um ensaio clínico randomizado

Fri, 25 Apr 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Efeitos do exercício isométrico de preensão manual nas respostas cardiovasculares de idosos: uma revisão sistemática e um ensaio clínico randomizado Brandão, Sabrina Correia de Oliveira Freitas, Victor Hugo de Introduction: Hypertension (HTN) is a multifactorial condition characterized by the persistent elevation of blood pressure (BP), being one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Studies indicate that isometric handgrip exercise (IHG) may contribute to reducing blood pressure, but there is a gap in the literature regarding its effects on hypertensive elderly women. Objective: This study analyzed the acute effects of IHG on BP responses and cardiac autonomic modulation (CAM) in hypertensive elderly women. Methods: The study included 12 trained hypertensive elderly women with controlled BP, with a mean age of 67.8 ± 3.8 years. A randomized, crossover clinical trial was conducted. Participants performed IHG at 30% and the control session (C) at 3% of the maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) using a stress ball, in four sets of one-minute contractions for each hand, interspersed with one-minute rest periods. A minimum interval of 72 hours between sessions was maintained. BP and heart rate variability (HRV) were monitored at baseline and at 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes post-IHG and post-C. Results: The analysis revealed a significant effect of the time factor on systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP) and mean (MAP) blood pressure (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the time vs intervention interaction was significant for SBP (p = 0.04), with pairwise comparisons showing that SBP in the IHG group at 30 (p = 0.04), 45 (p = 0.04) and 60 (p = 0.01) minutes post-intervention was higher when compared to the pre moment. Regarding HRV, it was observed that the mean HR reduced after 45 and 60 min (p < 0.01) when compared to the pre-intervention moment when IHG and C were performed, which was accompanied by an increase in SDNN (p < 0.05) and SD2 (p < 0.05). Intervention C also showed an increase in the short-term vagal modulation variables RMSSD (p<0.01) and SD1 (p<0.01) at the time post 45 min when compared to pre. No difference was reported between the interventions for the HRV variables (P > 0,05). Conclusion: According to the results reported, IHG performed with a stress ball increased BP in trained hypertensive elderly women with controlled BP for up to 60 minutes. Moreover, it was observed that the performed IHG did not affect the CAM of participants. Universidade Federal da Bahia Dissertação

Perfil da avaliação comportamental do processamento auditivo em indivíduos com transtorno do espectro autista

Fri, 23 May 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Perfil da avaliação comportamental do processamento auditivo em indivíduos com transtorno do espectro autista Nascimento, Joiceangela Alves Fernandes, Luciene da Cruz Introduction: The Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by impairments in communication, social interaction, and the presence of repetitive and restrictive behaviors. Sensory alterations are frequent in this population, especially involving the auditory system. It is estimated that approximately 85% of individuals with ASD exhibit some form of sensory dysfunction, with about 40% related too auditory processing, including impairments from sound perception to comprehension. Reported deficits include altered frequency and intensity discrimination, difficulties in speech perception in noisy environments, and poor ability to organize and interpret sounds. Hearing plays a fundamental role in neurodevelopment due to its complex interaction with cognitive, emotional, language, and speech systems. Effective sound interpretation relies on Central Auditory Processing (CAP) skills, which involve the analysis and decoding of auditory stimuli. Despite the high occurrence of auditory dysfunctions in ASD, the mechanisms underlying CAP in this population remain poorly understood. Thus, behavioral assessment of CAP emerges as a promising tool for investigating these functions, offering valuable insights for interventions aimed at supporting the global development of children with ASD. Objectives: This study aimed to characterize the behavioral CAP evaluation profile in children and adolescents with ASD, identifying the most frequently impaired auditory skills and their correlations with behavioral complaints. Methods: This retrospective observational study analyzed 20 CAP children with ASD, aged 7 to 12 years. Auditory skills were assessed through behavioral tests and correlated with anamnesis data on auditory complaints and learning difficulties. Results: Results: The tests indicated that the most frequently altered auditory skills were temporal ordering (80% alteration), binaural integration (70% alteration) and binaural separation (85% alteration), with lower performance of the left ear for the dichotic tests. Temporal resolution skills and auditory closure and auditory figure-ground presented better within normal limits in most of the sample. There were significant correlations between the findings of the CAP assessment and complanas suc. as dificulta understanding in noisy environments, reduced attention and difficulty in discriminating speech sounds. Conclusion: The results show that individuals with ASD present a specific profile of Central Auditory Processing (CAP) alterations, with at least one impaired auditory skill. A deficit in interhemispheric integration was identified, associated with lower performance in cognitive abilities such as attention, learning, and language comprehension. Future studies are needed to deepen the understanding of these alterations and to evaluate the effects of specific interventions aimed at enhancing auditory processing in individuals with ASD. Universidade Federal da Bahia Dissertação

Eletromiografia em repouso e força de mordida como marcadores funcionais da Disfunção Temporomandibular: revisão sistemática com metanálise

Fri, 04 Jul 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Eletromiografia em repouso e força de mordida como marcadores funcionais da Disfunção Temporomandibular: revisão sistemática com metanálise Santos, João Gustavo Luz Sampaio, Marília Carvalho Introduction: Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a common condition that affects the temporomandibular joint and the masticatory muscles, leading to pain, dysfunction, and neuromuscular alterations. Quantitative parameters such as bite force and resting electromyography (EMG) have been proposed as potential functional markers, but existing evidence still presents inconsistent results. Objective: To investigate whether bite force and resting electromyographic activity of the masseter muscle differ between adults with and without temporomandibular disorder. Methods: Systematic review with meta-analysis registered in PROSPERO, conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines and the Cochrane Handbook. The search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS/MEDLINE, and SciELO databases, with no language restrictions. Analytical crosssectional observational studies comparing adults with and without TMD were included. Methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed using the JBI and AXIS tools, and the strength of the evidence was classified using the GRADE approach. The qualitative variables were described in the table of clinical and methodological characteristics of the included studies. The meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model. Results: Twenty studies were included in the systematic review. Among them, only three presented sufficiently homogeneous and complete data for inclusion in the meta-analysis. One study contributed simultaneously to both outcomes, resulting in the inclusion of two studies for the bite force analysis (n = 164) and two for the resting electromyographic (EMG) activity of the masseter muscle (n = 177). Bite force was significantly lower in the TMD group (SMD = -2.74; 95%CI: -4.72 to -0.76; p = 0.007; I² = 95%), and resting EMG activity was significantly higher in this group (SMD = -1.03; 95%CI: -1.35 to -0.72; p < 0.00001; I² = 75%). The qualitative analysis of the remaining studies revealed that methodological quality ranged from moderate to high, risk of bias from low to moderate, and the strength of evidence from very low to moderate. Conclusion: Adults with TMD showed reduced bite force and increased resting electromyographic activity of the masseter in the included studies. These findings suggest the potential of these parameters as functional markers. Due to the limited number of studies included in the meta-analysis, methodological heterogeneity, and the fragility of the evidence, the results should be interpreted with caution. Future studies with greater standardization and methodological rigor are needed to confirm these findings. Universidade Federal da Bahia Dissertação