https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/16657 Fri, 17 Apr 2026 01:53:01 GMT 2026-04-17T01:53:01Z https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/44209 O sistema eleitoral distrital como instrumento de accountabilitty: revisão sistemática da literatura Belém, Priscila Gonçalves Aragão Arantes, Carla Galvão Pereira Electoral rules, diverse social, political, and demographic contexts influence voter behavior. In Brazil, the possibility of changing the proportional electoral system to a majoritarian model (pure or mixed) presents itself as a viable instrument to improve the responsiveness of parliamentarians to the electorate. The Supreme Federal Court and part of the National Congress suggest that the majoritarian electoral system brings the voter closer to their representative, but few studies associate this system model with accountability. This work deals with a literature review that relates the majoritarian electoral system to accountability, with the purpose of considering the limits and potential of the majoritarian electoral system in controlling accounts. Through a systematic review of the scientific literature, research on the topic was gathered, in order to evaluate and synthesize the studies using the PICOC model, determining contexts, mechanisms, and results on the subject. The material was categorized according to Annex I, whose organization was carried out based on the variables found. In conclusion, the studies suggest that a majoritarian electoral system may be able to facilitate the identification of the representative by the voter, but this does not necessarily favor accountability, because it does not translate into the voter's ability to hold their representative accountable, which is more associated with institutional, macroeconomic, and sociodemographic aspects. The application of the study to the Brazilian reality shows that a change of system, with the aim of promoting better control of parliamentary acts, needs to be supported by studies that indicate relevant aspects for the control of accounts by the Brazilian electorate, among them: voter frequency at the polls, effect of district size on representation, existence of ideological linkage between the voter and preferred party, satisfaction with democracy, proportionality and representativeness of the system, influence of the party system on the electoral process, influence of the voter on parliamentary decisions, tendency towards bipolarity of the party system, how the voter holds the parliamentarian accountable, responsiveness of the representative. Universidade Federal da Bahia Dissertação Tue, 17 Dec 2024 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/44209 2024-12-17T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/44052 O letramento ambiental como estratégia de prevenção na gestão de incêndios florestais pelo Corpo de Bombeiros Militar da Bahia Silva, Luana Macedo de Souza Oliveira Júnior, Valdir Ferreira de This study analyzes wildfire risk in the state of Bahia, Brazil, and designs an environmental literacy program framed as a social technology embedded in the Bahia Military Fire Brigade (CBMBA) to prevent wildfires in the Caatinga, Cerrado and Atlantic Forest biomes. It is an applied, mixed-method (quantitative–qualitative) investigation with a descriptive–exploratory design and a product-development component. The methodological pathway is organized into three axes: (a) an environmental diagnosis of wildfires in Bahia between 1998 and 2024, based on historical series of active fire detections from BDQueimadas/INPE and burned-area estimates from MapBiomas Fogo; (b) a structured survey of 198 military firefighters who completed the Wildland Fire Prevention and Suppression Course, with 123 valid responses (response rate of 62.1%) analyzed using descriptive statistics; and (c) a critical–interpretive integration of results under the HEVC framework (hazard, exposure, vulnerability, capacity), the Brazilian National Policy for Civil Protection and Defense (PNPDEC), the National Policy on Integrated Fire Management (PNMIF), the National Environmental Education Policy (PNEA), the Sendai Framework and the literature on environmental literacy and risk governance. The findings indicate intense and recurrent fire pressure in Bahia, with marked seasonality between August and October, peaks in September, and distinct risk configurations across biomes, combining drought, land-use change, socio-environmental vulnerabilities and asymmetric institutional capacities. The survey highlights accumulated operational experience, a shared perception that prohibition- and suppression-only strategies are insufficient, logistical constraints and an explicit demand for systematic educational engagement with rural communities and schools. The synthesis of these elements supports the proposal of an environmental literacy program anchored in the CBMBA, structured in training modules and participatory strategies to strengthen community and institutional capacities for critical risk interpretation and vulnerability reduction in the face of wildfires in Bahia. Universidade Federal da Bahia Dissertação Mon, 15 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/44052 2025-12-15T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/42905 Direitos humanos face ao sistema carcerário da Guiné-Bissau: a contribuição das formas de punição pré-colonial para o atual modelo prisional Bedam, Amadú Victor Santos, André Luís Nascimento dos The precarious situations of some prisons in the world, and in Africa in particular, have triggered concerns of some States and bodies that promote and protect human rights. The precariousness of the prisons and their inefficiency in the rehabilitation of inmates resulted in several alternative penal policies, adopted by some countries in order to alleviate the deficits found in their respective prison systems. This research is based on the premise that the biggest problem in the African prison system is the overcrowding of cells and the deterioration of prison buildings. Data from the 2008 African Prisons Survey reveals that the global average rate of arrests awaiting trial is 29%, in Africa it is 36%. The reality of the prison population in Guinea-Bissau is no different, for example, the Bandim detention center with the capacity to hold up to 56 people currently has 120 inmates. With the political instability and the current economic situation in the country, the need to adopt prison policies capable of promoting and protecting the rights of people deprived of their freedoms, as well as providing them with true rehabilitation, is evident. That is, penal policy should start with a restorative rather than a retributive bias. Based on this assumption, the objective of this research is to propose a system of social control capable of respecting the country's cultural diversity, that is, seeking to reconcile Guinean customary law and the current positive law through elicitive dialogue. Above all, its forms of social control, the aforementioned dialogue must ensure respect for the human and fundamental rights of people deprived of their freedoms, as well as respecting the Guinean cultural mosaic. Therefore, with the fusion of alternative punishment measures, national and international instruments for human rights in the country, and Guinean interculturality, we will thus have a model of effective and efficient social control, which we call Multicultural Alternative Penalties. Universidade Federal da Bahia Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso Fri, 26 Feb 2021 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/42905 2021-02-26T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/42891 Análise crítica da produção da prova no processo judicial eleitoral Lima, Freddy Carvalho Pitta Costa, Ivone Freire This dissertation aimed to analyze the production of evidence within the scope of the Brazilian electoral process, questioning whether in fact there are fundamental rights and guarantees of candidates to be respected by members of the electoral process and what are the foundations of those in the Democratic State of Law. The hypothesis was based on the consideration that there is protection by the legal system of the electoral process as a whole, given that the Democratic State of Law itself provides for the rights of voters and candidates to guarantee the permanence of democracy and freedom of choice for candidates. Among the specific objectives, the following directions were unraveled throughout the chapters: identification of the relationship between Electoral Law and democracy; analysis of the importance and origin of the Electoral Justice and its role in the Democratic State of Law for the maintenance of the scrutiny and electoral judicial process; identification of connections between the civil procedure, criminal procedure and the electoral process regarding procedural guarantees and norms; analysis of the evidence production procedure in the electoral judicial process and its specific characteristics. Finally, judgments were analyzed in order to understand how the judge interpreter has manifested himself on the matter in specific matters, such as testimonial evidence, environmental recording, loan of evidence, personal testimony of the investigated and the pre-constituted production of evidence. Regarding the methodology, the qualitative method was used with the aid of participant observation, in addition to the inductive method, and the research was carried out with bibliographic instruments, scientific articles, legislation and court decisions. Universidade Federal da Bahia Dissertação Tue, 08 Jul 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/42891 2025-07-08T00:00:00Z