https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/3456 2026-04-17T23:35:00Z https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/44281 ATITUDE CRÍTICA E PRÁTICAS DE LIBERDADE: AUFKLÄRUNG E PARRESIA EM MICHEL FOUCAULT Farias, Emerson Costa Aggio, Juliana Ortegosa This dissertation investigates the relationship between the critical attitude and practices of freedom in the thought of Michel Foucault, with an emphasis on his problematization of contemporary forms of subjectivation. Drawing on the notion of Aufklärung, understood as a critical stance toward forms of government and power, and on parrhesia — conceived as an ethical-political practice of truth-telling — it analyzes how the subject may resist the excessive conduct of conduct within modern regimes of governmentality. In this context, the study examines the articulation between critical attitude, governmentality, and the liberal conception of freedom, highlighting critique as a mode of resistance. It further explores Foucault’s reflections on parrhesia in relation to the notions of care of the self and the government of self and others, as well as to the interpretation of ancient philosophy through the lens of parrhesiastic practice. Finally, by bringing together the meanings of Aufklärung and parrhesia, the dissertation seeks to understand the role of philosophy as a critical attitude and as a practice of interrogating the present. By sustaining this articulation, it argues that critique does not uncover an inner essence, but rather inaugurates an ongoing process of self-constitution, thereby contributing both to the deepening of debates on Foucault’s philosophy and to reflections on the possibilities for reinventing modes of existence in the contemporary world. UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA BAHIA Dissertação 2025-08-20T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/43346 O personalismo de Emmanuel Mounier: uma filosofia de ação em resposta a um período de crise humanitária Suzart, Gabriel Sousa Pereira, Leonardo Jorge da Hora This dissertation examines the thought of Emmanuel Mounier, focusing on the emergence of personalism as a philosophical response to European nihilism, which was marked by the humanitarian and moral crises that dominated the first five decades of the 20th century. This period—characterized by world wars, economic crises, and technological advancements—contributed, according to Mounier, to the degradation of human dignity. Based on this, the study seeks to understand how Mounier and his personalism position themselves in the face of this decline, proposing a renewal of human and communal relations centered on the person and their dignity. Aiming to highlight the uniqueness of personalism in comparison to other schools of thought of the time, the research also seeks to show how Mounier criticized nihilism and its consequences, such as police states, wars, and spiritual alienation, developing personalism as an active alternative to confront these crises. Thus, the overall goal of this research is to examine the humanitarian fragility identified by Mounier at the beginning of the 20th century—a period already influenced by conflicts and transformations since the previous century. Personalism is presented as a philosophical response to these crises, offering an alternative in the face of the challenges of the era. Furthermore, the research will explore the philosophical structure of personalism, encompassing its anthropology and political philosophy. The study has three specific objectives: (i) to analyze the historical context of the early 20th-century crises and their impact on human relations from Mounier's perspective; (ii) to investigate how personalism can restore human dignity and promote communal coexistence; and (iii) to explore the influences and distinctiveness of Mounier’s personalism, culminating in the proposal developed throughout its formulation. Finally, the methodology adopted is bibliographical and exploratory, with critical analysis of the works of Mounier and other thinkers, contextualizing the development of their ideas amidst the sociopolitical and humanitarian crises of the 20th century. Universidade Federal da Bahia Dissertação 2025-09-26T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/42777 Eros e Dionísio: o problema da vontade em Freud e Nietzsche Pêpe, Pedro Teixeira de Castro Itaparica, André Luís Mota The present work aims to investigate the notion of will and its foundations in the theories of Freud and Nietzsche, focusing more specifically on what these authors identify as the foundations of human will, that is, the tendencies that drive the subject to action and guide their psychodynamics. In doing so, we propose a comparative analysis between their respective theories of the Trieb: the doctrine of the will to power and the theory of drives. To this end, we used both the authors’ own writings on the respective topics and those of some of their commentators, as well as the existing literature on the possible relationships between these theories. As a result, we found in the literature a range of opinions regarding the relationship between Freud’s theory and Nietzsche’s theory: some categorically deny the plausibility of considering their ideas as compatible or sympathetic to one another, while others affirm a very significant convergence between them. From our own reading of both authors’ texts, we conclude that the convergence between their theories of Trieb appears to be significant, aligning with the latter group of theorists and disagreeing with the former. We then seek to justify this assertion based on textual evidence that supports this interpretation. Universidade Federal da Bahia Dissertação 2025-06-11T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/42730 Esboço para a Concepção de um sujeito ético a partir do paradigma da psicanálise Machado, Ricardo Gusmão Santos, Vinícius dos This dissertation investigates the possibility of formulating a conception of the moral subject based on the psychoanalytic paradigm. To this end, it begins with a confrontation between the main modern philosophical theories of morality, notably the proposals of Descartes, Kant, Schopenhauer, and Nietzsche, and the psychoanalytic models of subjectivation developed by Freud and Lacan. The research argues that the hypothesis of the unconscious, by dismantling the idea of an autonomous and self-transparent subject, imposes new limits and challenges to traditional ethics. At the same time, it seeks to identify whether, and to what extent, psychoanalysis offers viable alternatives for rethinking the moral subject. It concludes that, although psychoanalysis destabilizes the classical foundations of morality, it allows for the elaboration of a new understanding of the ethical subject, less centered on reason and more attentive to subjective division and to the place of desire in the ethical constitution of the subject. Universidade Federal da Bahia Dissertação 2025-07-21T00:00:00Z