Dissertação (NPGA)

Nordeste do Brasil - atualidade de uma velha questão: vicissitudes da teoria do subdesenvolvimento regional no contexto do capitalismo contemporâneo

2026-04-13T17:42:14Z

Nordeste do Brasil - atualidade de uma velha questão: vicissitudes da teoria do subdesenvolvimento regional no contexto do capitalismo contemporâneo Vidal, Francisco Carlos Baqueiro Santos, Reginaldo Souza En esta disertación se buscó como objetivo principal definir la relevancia actual de la cuestión nordestina, que se entiende bajo la óptica de las desigualdades interregionales brasileñas. Por lo tanto la intención inicial fue aprehender el sentido del fenómeno regional y por lo demás elegir un concepto o noción de región para balizar la propia investigación. Se buscó en seguida caracterizar el histórico proceso de subdesarrollo nordestino en sus varios aspectos. Como uno de los objetivos intermediários más importantes de este estudio se buscó establecer con exactitud los términos de la cuestión regional de acuerdo con marcos teóricos, socioeconómicos y político-institucionales de los años 50 del siglo XX, justamente para hacer las diferencias entre estos términos y otros que también se atribuyen a la cuestión regional, especialmente aquellos que se refieren al período histórico que se extiende desde el final del siglo XIX hasta el inicio de la segunda mitad del siglo XX, y que antecede la fase de la intervención estatal planificada en la problemática regional. La caracterización exacta de estos mismos marcos, para los años 90, se ha tornado fundamental para la determinación del contexto actual en que se mueve la cuestión regional, contexto ese muy distinto de aquél de los años 50 y, quizá, en cierto sentido, diametralmente opuesto. La propia naturaleza del trabajo implicó una investigación esencialmente teórica, realizada en fuentes secundarias. Las conclusiones certifican que la cuestión nordestina, a pesar de no disfrutar actualmente de mayores atenciones por parte del Estado brasileño — consecuencia, en gran medida, de los propios valores dominantes en los cuales se apoyan las políticas públicas —, queda válida, es decir, perfectamente verificable en el ámbito de la persistencia de las grandes desigualdades regionales en el país, tendiendo mismo para su institucionalización, salvo alguna reversión política, en amplio sentido. Universidade Federal da Bahia Dissertação

Vulnerabilidade do consumidor idoso no uso de serviços financeiros digitais

2026-03-25T13:15:37Z

Vulnerabilidade do consumidor idoso no uso de serviços financeiros digitais Silva, Adeline Cardoso de Souza Vera, Luciana Alves Rodas Alongside the emergence of new technologies mediating commercial relations in contemporary society, the increase in the Brazilian elderly population implies transformations in the country's consumption patterns. Faced with this trend and the growing digitalization of commercial transactions, this dissertation consists of a qualitative study on the vulnerability of elderly consumers in the use of digital financial services. Conducted in 2025 in the city of Salvador, Bahia, its central objective was to understand how the digitalization of financial services can produce states of vulnerability in elderly female consumers. To this end, semi-structured interviews were conducted with the voluntary participation of thirteen women, aged 80 and over, residing in Salvador, Bahia, and with an income of up to one minimum wage from social security or informal sources of income. The research is justified by the ongoing population aging in the country in conjunction with the increasing digitalization of financial transactions. The collected data were processed and analyzed using thematic analysis. The results showed the prevalence of dependence on family members and bank branches in the financial routines of these consumers. The main barriers encountered for autonomous digital access included low levels of education, limited digital skills, self-perception of incapacity, feelings of insecurity in the digital environment, as well as reduced physical and cognitive capabilities. Coping mechanisms for vulnerability included the termination of banking relationships, dependence on third parties, refusal to use technology, as well as continuous learning, information seeking, security measures in the digital environment, and engagement with digital technologies. Finally, the importance of understanding the needs of older adults in the context of consumption in the face of ongoing population aging is highlighted, aiming at the reformulation of more inclusive public policies and the promotion of actions focused on the well-being and quality of life of the Brazilian elderly population. Universidade Federal da Bahia Dissertação

Desengajamento acadêmico: um estudo dos motivos na perspectiva de discentes de graduação da UFBA

2026-03-03T15:03:59Z

Desengajamento acadêmico: um estudo dos motivos na perspectiva de discentes de graduação da UFBA Alcântara, Ana Izabela Correia de Bruni, Adriano Leal Academic disengagement is a complex and multifactorial phenomenon that affects performance, retention, and completion of higher education. This study aimed to identify the reasons that influence the disengagement of students in the Exact Sciences programs at the Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), specifically Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, and Computer Science. An exploratory and descriptive study with a quantitative approach was administered to 416 undergraduate students. The questionnaire consisted of 79 items, including 26 items related to disengagement and 53 items related to the reasons for disengagement, in addition to 33 sociodemographic variables. The analysis used the following techniques: exploratory factor analysis to define the latent factors of disengagement and the reasons; bi-factor analysis to define the general disengagement factor (GDF) and factor scores; multiple linear regression to assess the influence of the reasons on the general disengagement factor; and t-tests and ANOVA to assess differences in disengagement scores according to sociodemographic variables. The results revealed four predictors of disengagement: academic performance-related motives (APM), with a positive association with GFD; support and interpersonal relationships motives (SPM), with a negative association, representing a protective effect against disengagement; and vocational and career motives (SPM) and institutional motives (SPM), both with a positive association. The first two, APM and SPM, showed greater explanatory power for disengagement, and the model explained 18.4% of the variance in the overall disengagement factor, which is acceptable for applied research in complex contexts and phenomena. Furthermore, from the analyses to verify the influence of sociodemographic variables, the variables course, shift, gender, age, type of school where high school was completed and the condition of being a quota student, revealed, even though presenting a small effect size, that students of the Computer Science course (in relation to Physics and Mathematics), being a graduate of a public high school, of the night course, being a quota student, of the female gender, being younger (< 24 years old) and having a dysfunctional family life represent a greater risk of disengagement. Based on these findings, recommendations are presented to support the improvement of academic management, formulated based on five axes of structural actions, aiming to develop more targeted and effective retention policies through specific institutional actions, sensitive to the identified vulnerabilities, such as "implementing a tutoring and monitoring program targeted at courses with high failure rates, especially Calculus and General Physics I" and "implementing an individual disengagement risk assessment system to map and monitor students most prone to disengagement." Thus, the study demonstrates that academic disengagement cannot be explained by isolated variables, but rather by contextual, structural, and subjective factors that are interdependently linked. Therefore, it requires a system of identification, monitoring, and ongoing actions open to active listening of students, aiming to ensure satisfaction and success in the academic experience. Universidade Federal da Bahia Dissertação

Utilidade social em organizações da sociedade civil: um estudo comparativo entre metodologias de avaliação relevantes

2026-03-03T13:12:39Z

Utilidade social em organizações da sociedade civil: um estudo comparativo entre metodologias de avaliação relevantes Souza, Angélica Maria de Andrade Rigo, Ariádne Scalfoni This study investigates the challenges of assessing social utility in civil society organizations. The methodological approach adopted was qualitative, based on a literature review and comparative analysis of three relevant existing evaluation models, identifying the principles, indicators, and methodological steps that align with the assumptions of social management and the solidarity economy. As a result, a theoretical and methodological framework was developed, composed of four main categories - participation, recognition, transformation, and institutional coherence, - capable of guiding situated evaluation processes that are sensitive to the specificities of territories. The proposed framework is not normative in nature, but rather constitutes a reflective and critical tool aimed at institutional strengthening, networking, and public advocacy for CSOs. It was found, however, that assessing social utility requires a balance between systematizing criteria and preserving the complexity of contexts. Excessive standardization can result in a reductionist view of social utility, as it disregards local specificities and social dynamics. On the other hand, an overly contextualized approach can compromise the comparability and general applicability of results. Therefore, it is impossible to develop a single evaluation model that satisfactorily addresses all realities without significant losses. The presented proposal recognizes this challenge, defending the evaluation of social utility as a relational, ethical, and politically committed practice with individuals and territories. In short, the research contributes to the theoretical and methodological advancement of the field of evaluation by proposing an analytical framework that strengthens the processes of listening, recognition, and collective construction of meaning. Universidade Federal da Bahia Dissertação