https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/1313 2026-04-17T16:41:50Z 2026-04-17T16:41:50Z Almeida, Bianca Mendes de https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/44324 2026-03-31T19:02:45Z 2025-03-11T00:00:00Z

Comportamento de corte e padrão temporal de emissão de feromônio de moscas-dasfrutas do gênero Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae): implicações ecológicas e para o manejo integrado de pragas Almeida, Bianca Mendes de Bravo, Iara Sordi Joachim Fruit flies of the genus Anastrepha are agricultural pests of great economic importance, especially in Brazil, which is one of the world's largest producers and exporters of fruits and other vegetables. Some species of this genus attack a wide variety of these commercially important crops, causing significant damage to production and directly impacting exports. Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) and Anastrepha sororcula Zucchi are associated with fruit crops, while Anastrepha grandis (Macquart) causes direct and indirect damage to cucurbits. Therefore, using more sustainable and less environmentally aggressive control methods, such as the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT), is interesting to combat pests. SIT seeks to reduce populations of these flies through the inundative release of sterile males, which must be able to compete with wild males for females and be successful in mating. Therefore, understanding the sexual behavior of these species is essential for the application of SIT to be viable and effective. Males of this genus exhibit a complex behavioral repertoire that includes body movements, wing and sound signals, and the emission of sexual pheromones. These chemical, sound and visual signals play a fundamental role in attracting females and in mating success. Thus, considering the economic relevance of the insects studied and the fact that these species have a broad behavioral repertoire, the objectives of this study were: to describe and compare the courtship behavior and the temporal pattern of pheromone emission of males of three species of Anastrepha. The results showed significant differences in thebehavioral routines associated with mating success and in the temporal pattern of pheromone emission. Anastrepha fraterculus showed greater activity during the morning period, while A. grandis and A. sororcula were more active at night. Similarly, the three species shared the behavioral unit "Attempt" (AT) as an antecedent to mating (Mating — MT) and did not differ statistically in the duration of the behavioral units and in the length of the courtship. However, A. grandis presented 24 behavioral units, while A. fraterculus and A. sororcula presented 26 behavioral units. The results indicate behavioral differences that bring A. fraterculus and A. sororcula closer together, but distance these two from A. grandis. In relation to the temporal pattern of pheromone emission, the species have welldefined times in which it is possible to separate them from each other. Universidade Federal da Bahia Dissertação

2025-03-11T00:00:00Z Birrer, Caroline Gonçalves https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/44320 2026-03-31T17:43:58Z 2025-01-24T00:00:00Z

Sustentabilidade em um mundo sob falha metabólica Birrer, Caroline Gonçalves Dobrovolski, Ricardo This study addresses global ecological crises through an integrative approach, focusing on two key aspects: human population and metabolic failure in agriculture. We explore the structural and sociometabolic roots of agricultural sustainability and argue that population control solutions, widely discussed in the literature, are insufficient and divert attention from the real causes of environmental problems. Global population growth is slowing, with fertility rates dropping significantly since 1990 and population stabilization projected for 2080. This undermines the notion that population size is the main driver of ecological degradation. Instead, we highlight the capitalist sociometabolic model as the true engine of environmental crises. This model, centered on unlimited economic growth and profit maximization, generates artificial consumption demands, overburdening ecosystems without necessarily improving human well-being. Moreover, we analyze metabolic failure in global agriculture, focusing on the disproportionate use of fertilizers relative to productivity gains. Data from 1961 to 2022 for six agricultural products in 211 countries show that increased agricultural productivity is increasingly reliant on chemical fertilizers, especially in countries of the so-called "Global South." This pattern leads to soil degradation, environmental contamination, and heightened socioeconomic inequalities, exacerbating risks to agricultural and global sustainability. We also emphasize the impact of disrupted natural nutrient cycles caused by the separation of rural and urban systems, which depletes agricultural soils and concentrates waste in cities, intensifying environmental and climate crises. In light of this, we propose solutions that transcend population control, focusing on systemic transformations. These solutions include transitioning to sustainable sociometabolic models, restoring natural nutrient flows between rural and urban areas, and adopting regenerative agricultural practices such as ecological intensification, which foster greater resilience and sustainability. In summary, this study challenges the traditional view that blames population growth for environmental crises and advocates a systemic approach to address them. By highlighting the detrimental effects of the capitalist sociometabolic model and metabolic failure in agriculture, we underscore the need for profound changes that integrate ecological balance, social justice, and agricultural sustainability. This transition requires a break from current paradigms and the adoption of solutions rooted in cooperation, equity, and respect for planetary boundaries. Universidade Federal da Bahia Tese

2025-01-24T00:00:00Z Macêdo, Iara Silva de https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/44021 2026-03-31T13:52:08Z 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z

Variação temporal na ocorrência de incêndios no Parque Nacional da Chapada Diamantina e suas zonas de amortecimento Macêdo, Iara Silva de Dodonov, Pavel The occurrence of high-frequency fires can be highly damaging to ecosystems, even those that require fire for their maintenance. This high frequency can alter the landscape, making it more open, and change the phytophysiognomies, leading to greater dominance of grasses. The Chapada Diamantina National Park (PNCD) is among the Federal Conservation Units with the highest number of fire outbreaks in Brazil. This research proposes a temporal analysis of fire outbreaks within the PNCD and its buffer zones, the municipalities that are part of the park, over the last 26 years. The information regarding fire outbreaks, used for this analysis, was extracted from the INPE database. It was thus possible to verify that the years with the most fire outbreaks were 2008, 2012, 2015, and 2021, with 2008 and 2015 standing out as the only years with more outbreaks within the PNCD than in its surrounding buffer zones. The highest numbers of outbreaks are concentrated in the municipalities of Mucugê, Andaraí, and Lençóis, with the most fire outbreaks occurring in the months of September, October, and November, both within and outside the PNCD. Over the past 26 years, a total of 28,835 fire outbreaks were quantified in the entire PNCD and the municipalities that are part of its buffer zone. Of this total, 7,513 outbreaks were within the PNCD, and 21,322 outbreaks were outside the park, in the buffer zones. During the period of temporal analysis, phenomena like El Niño occurred, but there was no statistically significant relationship between the intensity of the El Niño phenomenon and the number of fire outbreaks. The average density of outbreaks was higher within the PNCD, with a statistically significant mean difference. However, the median density of outbreaks was higher outside the park, indicating that while the total number of outbreaks may be higher outside the park, the intensity within the park is significant. The areas around the PNCD play a crucial role in protecting the park, with most fire outbreaks occurring in these zones, making it essential to include these areas in the park's management plan. Universidade Federal da Bahia Dissertação

2025-01-01T00:00:00Z Barreto, Ana Maria Borges da Paixão https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/43807 2026-01-16T13:32:17Z 2025-04-07T00:00:00Z

Ratos, doenças e cidades: caracterização do risco zoonótico e estratégias participativas de prevenção Barreto, Ana Maria Borges da Paixão Costa, Federico The study of rodent-borne diseases has become increasingly relevant due to the growing impact of these pathogens on global public health, particularly in vulnerable urban contexts. Rising urbanization and the close proximity between human populations and rodent habitats intensify the risk of zoonotic disease transmission, such as Orthohantavirus, in addition to other parasites that may affect both rodents and humans. However, significant gaps remain in the understanding of the spatial and epidemiological dynamics of these pathogens in urban areas, especially in Brazilian cities. This dissertation aims to provide insights into the risk factors that increase rodent and human exposure to various pathogens circulating in urban centers, as well as participatory approaches to mitigate the health impacts of rodents. In Chapter I, we update knowledge on which parasites circulate in rodent populations within vulnerable urban communities, analyzing their spatial distribution and assessing how landscape factors may influence this distribution. We identified 11 species of zoonotic parasites in urban rat populations in Salvador in 2018. Only three nematode species showed spatial aggregation: Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, and Capillaria gastrica. Higher individual weight, the presence of wounds, and the dry season influenced the cumulative parasite burden per rat, highlighting the importance of host-level traits and climate in shaping pathogen circulation. In Chapter II, the focus shifts to Seoul orthohantavirus (SEOV), a virus rarely investigated in Brazilian urban environments. This chapter explores SEOV prevalence in Rattus spp., as well as human risk factors for exposure, particularly in high-risk settings such as Salvador’s informal settlements. We found that 32% of rats (37/117) and 14% (91/646) of human residents had been exposed to SEOV. In rodents, higher body weight, proximity to construction debris and accumulated materials, and lack of visits from the zoonosis control center were identified as risk factors. For humans, risk was mainly associated with garbage accumulation in the community, underscoring the importance of basic urban services in tackling rodent-borne diseases. Finally, in Chapter III, we demonstrate that rodent infestations and their associated parasites are facilitated by environmental characteristics and the lack of infrastructure and sanitation in vulnerable urban settlements. We propose a pilot model of systematic rodent surveillance for control in disadvantaged urban areas, with active community participation. The research advocates for multisectoral interventions for rodent control and supports the feasibility of sustainable and participatory strategies aimed at reducing infestation and, consequently, improving public health conditions. This pilot was replicated in a disadvantaged urban settlement in a Bahamian community, demonstrating the potential and replicability of the model. Universidade Federal da Bahia Tese

2025-04-07T00:00:00Z