Regulação da comida de rua em Salvador-BA: um estudo sobre o marco legal e sua implementação.

Abstract

O termo “comida de rua” designa alimentos e bebidas comercializados em vias públicas. . No primeiro, realizou-se uma documental relativa à regulação da comida de rua em Salvador-BA para os atos publicados entre 1999 a 2015. A análise dos documentos revelou diferentes categorias e perspectivas de ação, ou mesmo de inação, do poder público, ante ao segmento. Observou-se predomínio das legislações municipais, sem haver uma diretriz federal. A maioria das normas foi publicada a partir 2013, principalmente por atos de órgãos do ordenamento do espaço público e da vigilância sanitária. Na elaboração das normas, observou-se marcante participação social no âmbito federal, com pouco reflexo desta prática no município.Verificou-se fragmentação no conteúdo apresentado entre as normas, bem como pouca articulação entre os órgãos e esferas de governo, dificultando a descentralização e a harmonização das ações e a sua execução, em nível municipal.

The term "street food" means food and beverages ready for consumption, or prepared and marketed on public roads. Despite the sector's contribution to the generation of jobs and income and to the provision of fast and accessible meals, can pose a danger to consumer health, due to risks associated with the sanitary quality of foods marketed. According to the literature, most of the vendors do not have technical preparation for handling, the infrastructure of the commercialization sites is precarious and there is insufficient regulation aimed at the sector. In Brazil, there are a set of standards regarding food safety, but these are not specific to the sector.In Salvador-Bahia, research has reported the inexistence or failure of regulations that specifically cover this sector. Thus, this study aimed to understand the evolution of the regulation of the street food sector, in Salvador-BA, from the perspective of the legal framework and its implementation. For that, two works were conducted: one aimed at analyzing the legal framework and another focused on the implementation of regulatory actions, based on the perception of social actors involved. In the first, a documentary research on the regulation of street food in Salvador-BA was carried out for the acts published between 1999 and 2015. The analysis of the documents revealed different categories and perspectives of action, or even of inaction, of the public authority, before the segment. It was observed a predominance of the municipal legislation, without having a federal guideline. Most of the standards have been published since 2013, mainly by acts of public authorities of space planning and health surveillance. In the elaboration of the norms, there was a marked social participation in the federal scope, with little reflection of this practice in the municipality.