“Jucu, jacutia, a gente dá comida pro jacu!”: as culturas infantis: contributos na produção da identidade do currículo para educação quilombola

Abstract

As discussões sobre relações étnico-raciais são a pauta educativa na contemporaneidade. O Brasil, nessa referência, implementou políticas educacionais, tendo em vista a diversidade de grupos étnico-raciais no país, sobretudo, indígenas e afro- descendentes dos meios urbano e rural e, mais particularmente, as comunidades de áreas remanescentes de quilombos. As pesquisas têm, também, atenção especial à escolarização dos afro-brasileiros. Finalmente, estão se legitimando discursos voltados à educação para a diversidade e a Inclusão Educacional. Tenho assumido, como educadora, essa pauta que consolida caminho para construção de novos horizontes formativos à diversidade cultural, engendradas à discussão do currículo para uma educação antidiscriminatória. Problematizando essa discussão, investigo, nesta pesquisa em educação, o tratamento voltado à diversidade das culturas de infância, na identidade cultural afro- descendente, entrelaçada às questões do currículo. Nesse respaldo, opto por estudar as crianças em suas especificidades de culturas, compreendendo as culturas dos “pequenos”, diferenciadas da cultura do adulto, problematizando as culturas de infâncias em suas especificidades como valorosas à construção do currículo. Sendo assim, a gênese desse estudo teve, como principal objetivo, estudar os modos de ser criança na educação infantil, verificando como elas constroem as suas culturas em busca de compreender se, ao cerzi-las, identificam os modos das vivências quilombolas e, como o currículo, o qual as crianças são sujeitas, lidam com esses saberes-fazeres de infâncias. Sustento a tese de que as culturas de infância, e no caso particular, as culturas de infâncias quilombolas, ainda não são levadas em conta nas práticas curriculares desenvolvidas nos espaços de Educação de infância. As crianças são protagonistas na produção do conhecimento, entretanto esses saberes são modelados num currículo que se perpetua em paradigmas que não acolhem as suas culturas. Afirmo, também, nesta tese, que as crianças referendam a produção social do currículo. Parto de uma investigação em comunidade quilombola que permite afirmar que o arcabouço cultural de infâncias constitui-se de extrema importância, mas que ainda é pouco valorizado em pesquisas educacionais. A pesquisa me permite afirmar que crianças de um território em que se predomina formas culturais específicas, cultura quilombola, saberes afrodescendentes, diferem- se em suas produções culturais de infâncias. É esse universo produtivo de culturas, revelando-se como um objeto de estudo, que permite abordar a construção do currículo na especificidade quilombola.

ABSTRACT The discussions about racial-ethnic relations are the educational agenda in contemporary times. Through this reference Brazil implemented educational policies bearing in mind the diversity of ethnic and racial groups in the country, in particular, indigenous and African descent. Finally we are legitimizing discourses on education for diversity and educational inclusion. As an educator, I have made the treatment focuses on the diversity of childhood culture, the cultural identity of African descent, intertwined issues of the curriculum. In this support, I opt to study the children in its particularities of cultures, including the cultures of the “Little ones” differentiated from adult culture, questioning the cultures of children in its specificities as it has a great value for the construction of the curriculum. Therefore the genesis of this study had the main objective to study the ways of children in early childhood education, checking how they build their crops in search of mend their cultures, identifying the quilombolas modes of living such as the curriculum which children are subject, dealing with these knowledge-doings of childhoods. Keep the theory that childhood cultures and, in the particular case, the quilombolas childhoods cultures are not yet taken into account in the curricular practices developed in childhood education. Children are protagonists in the production of knowledge. However this knowledge is modeled on a self-perpetuating curriculum in paradigms that are not to their cultures. I also argue in this thesis that children endorse the social production of the curriculum. Birth of an investigation in quilombola community who can say that the cultural framework of childhoods is extremely important, but that is still little appreciated in educational research. The research allows me to identify that children of a territory in which predominates specific cultural forms, quilombola culture, knowledge of African descent, differs in their cultural productions of childhoods. Is this productive universe of cultures, revealing itself as a goal of study that allows the construction of curriculum in quilombola specificity. Support theoretical contributions in the sociology of childhood, which consider children as social actors, to reaffirm them as competent to express their voices through their power of cultural production. As well as meeting support cultural studies, studies in the curriculum, knowledge and culture. The methodology established by a qualitative research through participant observation, in a study inspired by ethnography, ethnomethodology, that option open space, to “enter” and meet “into” the social and cultural worlds of a group of sixteen children in a Early Childhood Center in a rural Community Quilombola in the state of Espirito Santo. The research clarify that the routines of chil- dren, established within Childhood Education, is supported by educational paradigms of homogenizing in pedagogical practices based on a curricular neutrality, reflected in the dominant culture, the interactions between children and adults (teachers ). It is clear in respect of sociability among the generational groups the prevalence of point of view “adult self- center” rather than the knowledges of childhood. The interactions of children within early childhood education in their peer cultures, seen in “breeding-inter- pretation of culture”, highlights the different ways children provide their cultures, identi- fied in the quilombola place, to build their subjectivities. It is the same as looking back in that direction that this research legitimizes child quilombola as cultural activist who, in their relationship within the context of sociability, integrates their daily life, building a set of knowledge that reproduces and represents a interaction among peers, culture from adults in children’s subjective process of building in quilombolas identities.