Femoral head necrosis treatment with autologous stem cells in sickle cell disease

Abstract

PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy and safety of autologous bone-marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC) implantation in necrotic lesions of the femoral head in patients with sickle cell disease. METHODS: We studied eight patients with stage-I or -II femoral head osteonecrosis according to the system by Ficat and Arlet. BMMCs were harvested and re-infused into the necrotic zone. The primary endpoints studied were safety, clinical symptoms and disease progression, these being assessed according to the Harris hip score (HHS) and to X-ray studies. RESULTS: After eight months, seven of the eight patients reported improvement from symptoms. There were no complications during anesthetic and surgery procedures. There was a significant postoperative increase in the HHS (98.3 +/- 2.5 points) compared to preoperative HHS (78.5 +/- 6.2 points) (p< 0.001). X-ray evaluation and cell parameters were found to be favorable. Conclusion: The autologous bone-marrow mononuclear cells implantation seems to be a safe and effective treatment for early stages of femoral head osteonecrosis in patients with sickle cell disease. Although promising, the interpretation of these early results is limited due to the small sample and to the short duration of follow-up. Further studies and advanced cellular assays are required to confirm the results.