Um estudo sobre o problema da normatividade à luz da obra de Wittgenstein

Abstract

Human behavior is guided by rules. In the most diverse fields of human conduct, rules are present as indicators of direction. The problem of normativity, or in other words, the problem of how to follow rules is the focus of analysis in philosophy. In this work, which is a literature review, its scope is to investigate the possibilities of answers to the question of how we are guided by rules. Therefore, the theoretical approach used is the work of Ludwig Wittgenstein, especially the one entitled Philosophical Investigations, in which the Austrian philosopher devoted great attention to the act of following rules. Wittgenstein, based on his philosophical method nicknamed by commentators as therapeutic, enters into several dialogues with debaters who support perspectives on the functioning of rules, trends marked by the way of doing dogmatizing philosophy and the presentation of univocal answers. Using images and metaphors, Wittgenstein presents the contours of the philosophical currents that focus on the problem of normativity, demonstrating the points of incomprehension of each of the theses, which are linked to the perspective of analyticity, that is, that the rules they must contain, in advance, regardless of the practice, all the possibilities of their occurrence. In addition to analyzing the tensions involved in each current with which Wittgenstein dialogues, the final objective of the present work is to identify in the work of the Austrian philosopher the complex of concepts and notions that integrate the greater idea of grammar of use, an idea that presents itself as one of the possibilities of dissolving the misunderstandings that gravitate the problem of normativity, at the same time that it signals a possibility for the understanding of how we are guided by rules.