Eficácia e segurança da terapia de manutenção com metadona: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract

Opioids are the basis of pain management, but may have several adverse effects associated with its use. Methadone is a drug belonging to the class of synthetic opioids. The use of methadone is very common in long-term detoxification therapy or maintenance therapy in patients who are dependent on opioids and / or other drugs and in the treatment of patients with severe chronic pain. Data from the literature show that increased use of methadone is associated with adverse events due to overdose, and deaths from methadone. Although this drug accounted for approximately 1% of all opioid prescriptions, methadone-related deaths accounted for 22.9% of opioid-related deaths in 2014. Objective: The main objective of this work is to perform an analysis of efficacy and safety of maintenance therapy with methadone. Methodology: The method used was to systematically review the literature, searching for the following descriptors: methadone, opioid abuse, methadone maintenance. Results: 9977 were initially found, of which seven were selected and were considered secondary in a methadone assessment, in different contexts. Discussion: Most metadata results after a minimum of 12 months. This is a type of strategy for decision making in relation to the type of treatment strategy adopted. Opioid dependence is associated with a number of risks, such as transmission of deadly diseases (hepatitis), hepatitis, criminal activity, accidental overdose and hospital admissions. Conclusion: Methadone maintenance therapy has been effective in reducing the use of opioids and other drugs in reducing the risk behavior for infectious diseases and its implementation is fundamental and a viable and effective alternative.