Caracterização da comunidade quilombola pesqueira do município de Cachoeira: uma análise sobre aspectos sociodemográfico, saúde e trabalho, Bahia, Brasil

Abstract

Introduction: Artisanal fishing is traditionally linked to coastal communities, which make this practice a lifestyle and livelihood tool. Despite its economic and social relevance, artisanal fishing is associated with precarious working conditions, long working hours and the use of tools of technical simplicity. In addition, these workers are exposed to several risks in their everyday life that potentiate the emergence of occupational diseases. Objective: To identify and describe the socioedemographic profile, the labor history of the fishing activity and the comorbidities that most affect the health of these artisanal / seafood fishermen. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional epidemiological study carried out with 248 fishermen and / or shellfish residents in Santiago do Iguape, Bahia. A structured and standardized questionnaire was used to collect the data that happened between April and June of 2017. Results: The interviewees' ages ranged from 20 to 70 years. The mean age was 38.79 years, the majority 170 (68.55), female. The monthly income was in general low, being the average of R $ 275.76, (88.31%), said that this income is not enough for the sustenance. Among the self-reported pathologies, 95.16% musculoskeletal pain, 65.32% headache, 38.31% reported having allergic rhinitis, 22.18% hypertension and others. Discussion: The results found allowed to draw a sociodemographic profile of the artisanal fishermen, it was possible to perceive characteristics such as: work of family organization, non-technical, precocious work (child labor), division of labor by gender and double working hours to the women shellfish, corroborating with the studies already carried out. Conclusion: In this way, it was possible to verify the active participation of women in income generation for the family and the vulnerability that fishermen and / or artisanal fishermen are exposed in the work environment. In which, the characteristics of the work exercise increase the chance of developing diseases negatively impacting the lives of these workers.