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Distribuição espacial da leishmaniose humana e canina em Itaberaba-BA (2018 a 2020): vulnerabilidades e estratégias de controle

Fri, 25 Jul 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Distribuição espacial da leishmaniose humana e canina em Itaberaba-BA (2018 a 2020): vulnerabilidades e estratégias de controle Autor(es): Nobre, Deiseane de Jesus Primeiro Orientador: Solcà, Manuela da Silva Abstract: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is an endemic zoonosis of high public health importance in Brazil, especially in the Northeast region. This study conducted a retrospective analysis of the occurrence and spatial distribution of human visceral leishmaniasis (HVL) and canine leishmaniasis (CanL) cases in the municipality of Itaberaba, Bahia, between 2018 and 2020. Epidemiological data were obtained from the local epidemiological surveillance system and subjected to spatial analysis using QGIS software, employing Kernel density estimation and cluster identification through SaTScan software. During the study period, 773 dogs were included in the analyses, of which 8.8% tested positive for CanL, with annual variation ranging from 5.6% (2018) to 13% (2019). Spatial analysis indicated the presence of risk clusters in peripheral areas characterized by poor sanitation and high social vulnerability. Although human cases were sporadic, they were concentrated among young individuals and showed a similar distribution between urban and rural areas. No spatial overlap was observed between canine and human cases; however, canine cases were located near human cases. The main limitations identified included incomplete data recording, losses in confirmatory diagnosis (ELISA), limited surveillance actions in rural areas, and delays in laboratory workflows. The findings reinforce the importance of integrated and territorially focused surveillance strategies, including the systematic use of geoprocessing tools, strengthening field actions, and community awareness, aiming to reduce transmission and improve institutional response to VL. Editora / Evento / Instituição: Universidade Federal da Bahia Tipo: Dissertação

Olho seco em cães: estudo retrospectivo multicêntrico de 2.330 casos

Wed, 29 Oct 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Olho seco em cães: estudo retrospectivo multicêntrico de 2.330 casos Autor(es): Abuquerque Neta, Eunice Queiroz de Primeiro Orientador: Oriá, Arianne Pontes Abstract: Dry eye syndrome, or keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), is a common dysfunction of the tear film in dogs, and its characterization through multicentric and retrospective studies is essential for epidemiological understanding. This research aimed to characterize, through a multicenter cross-sectional study, dogs diagnosed with dry eye and examined by veterinarians certified by the Brazilian College of Veterinary Ophthalmology (CBOV) in different federative units of Brazil. Between 2016 and 2023, 14,375 medical records were evaluated, and 2,330 dogs were included for presenting a Schirmer tear test result < 15 mm/min. A similar proportion of the evaluated records originated from university hospitals (46.44%) and private practices (53.56%). Breed, sex, age, prescribed treatments, and associations among variables were analyzed. The highest incidences were observed in 2023 and 2017. Dry eye was most prevalent in Shih Tzus (32.5%), followed by mixedbreed adult and senior dogs (12.3%), Lhasa Apsos (9.1%), Yorkshire Terriers (7.3%), Poodles (6.1%), and Pugs (5.1%). Shih Tzus were three times more likely to develop keratoconjunctivitis sicca compared with mixed-breed dogs. There was no sex predisposition (P = 0.6301), and the mean age of affected dogs was 8.06 ± 4.04 years, except in one university hospital in the Northeast region, where the mean was 6.5 years (P < 0.001). The most frequently prescribed treatments were cyclosporine (50.3%), tacrolimus (39.4%), and ocular lubricants (5.1%), with a statistically significant difference among them (P < 0.0001). Despite Brazil’s vast territory and the diverse environmental conditions across its federative units, the multicenter study methodology revealed a consistent profile of dogs affected by dry eye: Shih Tzus of both sexes, primarily adults and seniors, predominantly treated with immunomodulators. Editora / Evento / Instituição: Universidade Federal da Bahia Tipo: Dissertação

Uso da pimenta encapsulada em novilhos nelore em pastejo submetidos a diferentes níveis de suplementação

Wed, 16 Jul 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Uso da pimenta encapsulada em novilhos nelore em pastejo submetidos a diferentes níveis de suplementação Autor(es): Miranda, Ana Paula Gonçalves Ferreira Primeiro Orientador: Freitas Júnior, José Esler de Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of energy and encapsulated pepper (ENP) supplementation on nutrient intake and digestibility, ruminal modification, nitrogen and energy balance, and physiological parameters of steers grazing on pasture. Six Nellore steers weighing 313 ± 31 kg (mean ± SD) (with silicone cannulas in the rumen, Kehl®) were distributed in a 3 × 3 double Latin square design, in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement (three levels of energy supplementation × two levels of ENP with periods of 21 days each, with the first 14 days for adaptation and the remaining days for current data collection, on Pangola grass (Digitaria decumbens) pasture, in a continuous pasture. The animals were randomly assigned to the following treatments maintaining the same amount of protein and varying the energy concentration: 0.15, 0.30 and 0.45% of body weight (BW) of protein/energy supplementation without encapsulated pepper and 0.15, 0.30 and 0.45% BW of supplementation with the same amount of protein and encapsulated pepper (450 mg/animal/day of CAPCIN®, NutriQuest, Campinas, Brazil). The inclusion of PEN did not affect the intake of dry matter and nutrients, however, with increasing supplementation levels, there was an increase in the intake of non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC) (P < 0.001) and in the digestibility of NFC (P = 0.008). There was an increase in propionate concentration (P<0.001), a reduction in the C2:C3 ratio (P=0.044) and a reduction in the methane (CH4) estimate (P=0.018), without changing the pH and a reduction in ruminal concentrations of ammonia toxicity (N-NH₃) with increasing supplementation levels, regardless of the addition of PEN (P = 0.001). Among the blood metabolites, a trend towards an increase in serum glucose (P=0.083) and creatinine (P=0.075) levels was observed, in addition to a trend towards a reduction in gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) (P=0.067). Heart rate increased in animals receiving PEN (P=0.012). The levels of 0.30% and 0.45% with PEN promote greater total chewing time and shorter idle time. It is concluded that PEN supplementation, especially at levels of 0.30% and 0.45% of BW, is a promising strategy for cattle raised on pasture, generating benefits in rumen modification, physiological safety, hematological parameters, and ingestive behavior in thermal systems. Editora / Evento / Instituição: Universidade Federal da Bahia Tipo: Dissertação

Utilização da torta de algodão na alimentação de caprinos mestiços boer em terminação

Fri, 20 May 2016 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Utilização da torta de algodão na alimentação de caprinos mestiços boer em terminação Autor(es): Assis, Dallyson Yehudi Coura de Primeiro Orientador: Santos, Edson Moura Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the intake, apparent digestibility of nutrients, feeding behavior, qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the carcass and meat, production of volatile fatty acids and rumen morphometry Boer crossbred goats fed cottonseed meai finishing. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm of São Gonçalo dos Campos, belonging to the School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootecnia, December UFBA 2012 to February 2013, was used 32 crossbred goats Boer, with average body weight of 16 ± 2 kg distributed in a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments (0%, 33%, 66% and 100% replacement of soybean meai by cottonseed meai) and eight repetitions, with a duration of 84 days of experiment. The reason used was 50:50 roughage Tifton-85 hay and concentrate based on com meai, soybean meai, mineral salt, cottonseed meai and urea, thus providing proper nutrients to a gain of 0.150 kg / day. The amounts of offered feed and remnants were recorded daily in order to determine consumption. The animais were weighed at the beginning of the experiment and the end of the trial period for the productive performance. Chapter I - consumption, apparent digestibility, performance and feeding behavior of Boer crossbred goats fed cottonseed meai. In the evaluation of the nutrient intake ether extract showed a quadratic effect so that increased leveis of substitution of soybean meai by cottonseed meai (.122-, 131), so that the increased replacement leveis soybean meai by cottonseed meai, attributes the increase of this nutrient in the diet (2.32 to 3.68) while the cotton cake has 15.61% of ether extract, in apparent digestibility of nutrients and performance no effect, with CMS (0.778 kg) and ADG (0.100 kg / day). Ingestive behavior was no effect for feeding time (200-271 min / day), feed rate (13.91 to 18.88) and rumination efficiency (398-533 cakes), and increasing linear positive with increasing replacement for soybean meai cottonseed meai. Chapter II - Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of carcass and meat from crossbred goats boer fed cottonseed meai. The quality of the meat is not expressed in the substitution leveis except in ash content and cholesterol in mg / lOOg flesh evaluated, with an increasing and decreasing linear-linear relationship with increasing leveis of replacement for soybean meai cottonseed meai, respectively, the ash averaged 1.06 to 0.96% MS cholesterol and 50 - 70 mg / lOOg flesh attach the ether extract content of diets increased from 2.32 to 3.62, and confirmed with increasing intake of ether extract from animais to levei increased substitution. Chapter III - ruminal morphometry and production of volatile fatty acids in crossbred goats boer fed cottonseed meai. Total replacement of soybean meai by cottonseed meai in diets for crossbred Boer goats can be used in the termination of the animais without compromising the development and animal production Editora / Evento / Instituição: Universidade Federal da Bahia Tipo: Tese