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Efeitos de dois protocolos de exercício nas alterações hepáticas induzidas pelo diabetes mellitus tipo 1

Fri, 31 Oct 0010 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Efeitos de dois protocolos de exercício nas alterações hepáticas induzidas pelo diabetes mellitus tipo 1 Autor(es): BRITO, Taílla de Andrade Santos Primeiro Orientador: Soares, Telma de Jesus Abstract: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (DM1) is characterized by an absolute deficiency in insulin production, resulting in the development of chronic hyperglycemia, and is associated with various pathological conditions, including liver disease. New therapeutic strategies are needed to improve and/or prevent the progression of diabetic liver disease. This study investigated the effects of moderate-intensity physical exercise before and after the induction of diabetes mellitus on type 1 diabetes mellitus-induced liver changes in Wistar rats. To this end, 30 rats weighing between 290 and 310 g were divided into 5 groups: CS (Sedentary Control, n=6), CT (Trained Control, n=6), DS (Sedentary Diabetic, n=6), DT (Trained Diabetic, n=6), and DPT (Previously Trained Diabetic, n=6). Only the DPT group underwent 4 weeks of training before the induction of diabetes with streptozotocin (STZ/40mg/Kg). After confirmation of diabetes, the DPT, DS, and CT groups underwent 8 weeks of treadmill exercise, 5 times a week. The animals were euthanized, blood samples were collected for liver function assessment, and the liver was removed for histological, redox balance, and ELISA studies. Our results demonstrate a slight increase in serum AST and ALP levels in the DS group. However, only the DPT group showed reduced serum AST levels compared to the DS and DT groups (p<0.05) and ALP levels, although this difference was not statistically significant. Serum ALT, GGT, and bilirubin levels were elevated in the DS group compared to the controls (p<0.001 and p<0.05, respectively). Both exercise protocols prevented this increase in ALT, as the training reduced ALT levels compared to the DS group (p<0.001) and showed no significant change among the controls. GGT and bilirubin levels did not differ between the DS and DT groups. Only the DPT group prevented the changes in GGT and bilirubin, as preventive training reduced these levels compared to the DS group (p<0.05) and showed no significant change compared to the controls. Lipid peroxidation was increased in rats in the DS group compared to the CS and CT groups (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). Both physical exercise protocols were able to prevent these alterations in lipid peroxidation induced by diabetes, since a reduction in lipid peroxidation was observed in the DT and DPT groups compared to the DS group, p<0.01, and they did not show statistical differences compared to the control groups. On the other hand, catalase enzyme activity was elevated in the liver tissue of DS rats when compared to that of the CS (p<0.001) and CT (p<0.05) groups. In contrast, training of rats in the DT and DPT groups promoted a reduction in catalase activity. Liver TNF-α levels were elevated in the DS and DT groups compared to controls (p<0.05). However, we observed a reduction in TNF-α levels only in the DPT group. Necrosis, edema, and increased hyperemic sinusoids in the liver tissue of the DS group were reduced by both exercise protocols, p<0.001. Steatosis was reduced in the trained diabetic groups, p<0.05, and we observed no difference in ballooning degeneration. In conclusion, moderate-intensity aerobic exercise improved liver enzyme levels, TNF-alpha, redox balance, and histological aspects in the liver tissue of rats with type 1 diabetes, with some additional beneficial effects induced by preventive training. Editora / Evento / Instituição: UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA BAHIA Tipo: Dissertação

Efeitos associativos e Isolados do treinamento físico aeróbio moderado e da curcumina no hipocampo de ratas ovariectomizadas com Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1

Mon, 25 Aug 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Efeitos associativos e Isolados do treinamento físico aeróbio moderado e da curcumina no hipocampo de ratas ovariectomizadas com Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 Autor(es): Oliveira, Beatriz Anjos de Primeiro Orientador: Soares, Telma de Jesus Abstract: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and postmenopausal estrogen depletion represent risk factors for neurobiological imbalances, promoting a neurodegenerative environment in the hippocampus characterized by oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and programmed cell death. Although strategies such as physical training and supplementation with the polyphenol curcumin have independently demonstrated neuroprotective potential, the synergistic effects of these interventions in the coexistence of both conditions remain unexplored. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of moderate-intensity aerobic physical training and curcumin administration, both individually and in combination, on histopathological, oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic parameters in the hippocampus of ovariectomized (OVX) rats with T1DM. Twenty-four rats underwent ovariectomy, and T1DM was induced by streptozotocin (STZ, 40 mg/kg) administration. Subsequently, the animals were divided into four groups: Sedentary Diabetic OVX (SDO), Sedentary Diabetic OVX treated with Curcumin (SDO+CUR), Trained Diabetic OVX (TDO), and Trained Diabetic OVX treated with Curcumin (TDO+CUR) (n=6 per group). The intervention protocol lasted eight weeks, five days per week, during which trained groups underwent treadmill running sessions, while supplemented groups received curcumin via gavage (100 mg/kg body weight), five days per week. At the end of the experimental period, hippocampal tissue was dissected for the evaluation of neuronal morphology and integrity, quantification of oxidative damage biomarkers, such as lipid peroxidation products and nitrites, and measurement of endogenous antioxidant enzyme activity. Additionally, key markers of inflammatory pathways, MAP kinase signaling, and apoptotic profiles were analyzed using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, gene expression, and ELISA techniques. The results demonstrated that the combination of physical training and curcumin reduced pyknosis, oxidative damage markers, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and caspase-3 expression. Moreover, the combined therapy enhanced the activity of the antioxidant enzymes SOD and GPx, as well as BDNF gene expression. The isolated interventions also modulated specific parameters: physical training improved neuronal morphology and SIRT1 expression, while curcumin increased cell density and reduced NF-κB, TNF-α, and GFAP expression in hippocampal tissue. In conclusion, these findings indicate that the association between aerobic physical training and curcumin promotes a synergistic neuroprotective response, evidenced by the attenuation of multiple markers of cellular damage in the hippocampus. This finding suggests that the combination of these therapeutic strategies may be more effective than isolated interventions in mitigating neurodegenerative processes in an experimental model of T1DM and postmenopause. Editora / Evento / Instituição: Universidade Federal da Bahia Tipo: Dissertação

Efeitos nutracêuticos da curcumina e/ou do treinamento físico sobre morfologia e função do tecido adiposo marrom em ratas diabéticas ovariectomizadas

Fri, 30 May 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Efeitos nutracêuticos da curcumina e/ou do treinamento físico sobre morfologia e função do tecido adiposo marrom em ratas diabéticas ovariectomizadas Autor(es): Dias, Regiane Ribeiro Primeiro Orientador: Gusmão, Amélia Cristina Mendes de Magalhães Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the effects of curcumin and physical exercise on morphological and functional parameters in brown adipose tissue of diabetic and ovariectomized Wistar rats. Methods: Twenty-four femele rats were divided into four experimental groups: sedentary (DOS), trained (DOT), sedentary treated with curcumin (DOS+CUR), and trained treated with curcumin (DOT+CUR). Diabetes mellitus type 1 was induced by streptozotocin (40mg/kg) and estrogenic restriction by bilateral ovariectomy surgeries. Nutraceutical curcumin was administered diluted in natural yogurt by gavage (100 mg/kg/day) and a moderate-intensity treadmill running protocol, five days a week, for eight weeks. At the end of the experiment, brown adipose tissue (BAT) and retroperitoneal (TAR), parametrial (TAP), mesenteric (TAME), and subcutaneous (TASC) white adipose tissue depots were removed and weighed. Morphological, histochemical, biochemical, and gene expression analyses were performed on TAM. Normality and homogeneity of data were assessed by the Shapiro-Wilk and Bartlett tests, respectively. The effects of treatments on the parameters studied were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA analysis, followed by multiple comparisons performed using Tukey's post hoc test. The significance level adopted was 5% (p ≤ 0.05) using the GraphPad Prism® statistical software, version 8.0. Results: The interaction between physical training and curcumin (DOT+CUR) promoted a significant increase in BAT, TAR, and TASC adipose tissue depots. Brown adipose tissue, despite not present mass alterations, showed variation in morphometry with a higher percentage of multilocular adipocytes and a lower percentage of unilocular adipocytes per field between the groups treated with curcumin or training and an increase in the total number of adipocytes and a reduction in the lipid area in the groups treated with curcumin. In the redox profile of BAT, a significant reduction in the levels of TBARS and nitrite was observed in the DOS+CUR and DOT groups when compared to the DOS group. These data were confirmed by the increase in immunostaining of the antioxidant enzymes HO-1, SOD-1 in the sedentary and trained groups supplemented with curcumin. Immunostaining for nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) increased in the DOS+CUR and DOT+CUR groups with significant interaction (p=0.0197). In contrast, immunostaining for nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), which is related to inflammation, was reduced in the groups treated with curcumin (DOS+CUR, DOT+CUR), and in the trained control group (DOT) (p=0.03). Regarding immunostaining for uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1), a marker of thermogenesis and mitochondrial activity, an increase was observed following treatment with curcumin (p<0.0001) and training (p<0.0001). The enzymatic activities of the enzymes catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased with curcumin treatment, while exercise alone also increased GPx and SOD, for these enzymes the interaction was significant (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0038 respectively). Finally, gene expression analysis of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor g coactivator 1a (PGC-1a) revealed a main effect of curcumin (p < 0.0001) in the DOS + CUR and DTO + CUR groups compared to their controls, and in the expression of sirtuin 1 (SIRT-1) effects of curcumin (p = 0.0259) and training (p = 0.0155). The expression of IGF-1 (p < 0.0001) was reduced in the sedentary and trained groups treated with curcumin (p = 0.0001). Conclusion: Treatments with curcumin and physical exercise promoted effects in preserving body adiposity and improving the morphology and functionality of brown adipose tissue, activating antioxidant, anti- inflammatory, and thermogenic pathways, and mitochondrial biogenesis markers in rats with type I diabetes and ovariectomized. These effects may constitute important alternative pathways for preserving energy homeostasis and preventing thermogenic dysfunctions associated with BAT whitening in the model studied. Editora / Evento / Instituição: Universidade Federal da Bahia Tipo: Dissertação

Cara ou coroa: poderia ser a atividade física mais importante do que a idade em homens com diabetes e hipertensão?

Wed, 26 Jun 2019 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Cara ou coroa: poderia ser a atividade física mais importante do que a idade em homens com diabetes e hipertensão? Autor(es): Pereira, Italo Sousa Primeiro Orientador: Silva, Robson Amaro Augusto da Abstract: INTRODUCTION / OBJECTIVE: Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are two important chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) responsible for a high worldwide mortality associated with a high cardiometabolic risk. Aging is marked by a broad spectrum of physiological changes that configure the elderly as a risk group for the development of NCDs. Drug therapy for SAH and DMT2 is often accompanied by physical activity, and this approach is associated with the reduction of cardiometabolic risk associated with these comorbidities. However, little is known about the existence of distinct therapeutic benefit profiles of physical activity among elderly and middle-aged hypertensive and diabetic men. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare pathophysiological markers of SAH and DMT2 among middle-aged and elderly individuals, while physical activity practitioners or sedentary. METHODS: In this study, 94 men with SAH and DMT2 were included. The work involved the application of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the Quality of Life and Health Assessment Questionnaire (QVS-80). A blood sample was collected from the participants and an anthropometric evaluation was performed. the practice of physical activity was defined by at least 150 minutes of physical activity per week for a period of at least three months. Individuals older than or equal to 60 years were classified as elderly. Blood samples were submitted to biochemical (HDL, LDL, VLDL, triglyceride and fasting glucose), hormonal (total testosterone and estradiol) and immunological analysis (IL-1β, IL-17, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-10). RESULTS: Physical activity practitioners presented higher lean mass and bone mass, as well as lower fat mass than sedentary individuals. The lean mass participated in an axis of multiple negative correlations with pathological markers of SAH and DMT2, correlating negatively with the ratio between waist circumference and height, fat mass, and body mass index. In physically active elderly, lean mass still correlated negatively with systemic inflammatory markers and positively with IL-10 and serum estradiol. Physical activity subjects also had lower serum concentrations of LDL, VLDL, triglycerides and fasting glucose. Physically active elderly exhibited lower serum concentrations of IL-1β and TNF-α than sedentary middle-aged men, as well as lower serum concentrations of IL-17, IL-1β, TNF-α and IFN-γ than its sedentary counterpart. In this study we detected differences between the serum concentrations of testosterone and estradiol between the groups. CONCLUSION: Together, our results suggest that, for men with SAH and DMT2, the practice of physical activity is more valuable than the aging phenom in the modulation of pathophysiological markers of these SAH and DMT2, mainly because it participates in the regulation of the systemic inflammation observed in these comorbidities. However, the practice of physical activity has shown to be beneficial for both middle-aged and elderly diabetic and hypertensive men, being associated with have a lower cardiovascular risk in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Editora / Evento / Instituição: Universidade Federal da Bahia Tipo: Dissertação