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Fatores de risco cardiovascular, crenças e atitudes de indivíduos com doença arterial coronária

Mon, 16 Feb 2009 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Fatores de risco cardiovascular, crenças e atitudes de indivíduos com doença arterial coronária Autor(es): Gama, Glicia Gleide Gonçalves Primeiro Orientador: Mussi, Fernanda Carneiro Abstract: Introduction: Coronary artery disease (CAD), which represents an important and increasing cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, is associated to the presence of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF), and its control suffers the influence of beliefs and attitudes of individuals. General objective: Evaluate the CVRF, beliefs and attitudes of individuals in relation to CAD. Specific objectives: Describe the CVRF and its degree of control and beliefs and attitudes of these individuals in relation to CAD and to the control of CVRFs. Methodology: This study is a cross-sectional, descriptive-exploratory research, conducted in a cardiology clinic of a public hospital in Salvador /BA. Data was collected from 100 adults, with CAD, of both genders. For the collection of information a specific instrument was prepared and the information obtained through interviews, clinical and laboratorial evaluations. The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee. The results were analyzed in absolute numbers, percentages and averages, based on the qualitative data codification technique of the Grounded Theory. Results: Predominance was of males (56%), age group of <60 years (54%), race/color Negro (84%), people with companions (52%), unoccupied (68%), low schooling (87%) and income (82%). There was a medical diagnosis of unstable angina 18% and myocardial infarction 82%, most within less than a year. The majority referred to arterial hypertension (94%), alteration of the index of fat in the blood (83%), lack of physical exercises (76%), leaving the vice of tobacco (59%) and alcohol (51%). All the women and 82% of the men presented increased abdominal circumference, 19% casual glicemy >200 mg/dL, 36% overweight, 28% obesity, 65% some stage of arterial hypertension, 65% HDL-C low, 41% non-HDL high. High levels of triglycerides in the absence of fasting in 53%. A CVRF aggregation average per participant was of 4, of beliefs in health over the cause of 1.53 and control measures of CAD of 1.45. The cause of the disease was unknown to 17% and of the control by 18%. The main causes were considered as daily stress (35%) and inadequate food and the main controls as, dieting (32%), taking medication (27%) and avoiding stress (22%). Only 22% believed that the treatment would last their whole lives, 48% believed that medication, surgery or angioplasty would cure the CAD. It was observed that the use of inadequate types of fats, reduction of salt and fat and predominance of stewed, baked or grilled food. Consumption of red meat 56%, industrialized cakes and biscuits 61%, soft drinks 80%, 1 to 2 cups of coffee a day 67% and 2 or more eggs per week 33%. Fourteen of the participants did not receive any guidance for controlling the CAD and, of those who did receive guidance, 38% informed that they did not follow the orientation. 34% did not totally fulfill the medical prescription. Deficient economic conditions were the main reason for not following through with the treatment. Conclusions: In individuals with high cardiovascular risks and low socio-economical conditions there was the presence and lack of control of various cardiovascular risks, low averages of health beliefs on causes and control measures of the CAD, misguided beliefs on cure and period of the treatment and part of which do not follow the treatment. The study offered subsidies for reflecting and proposing practices for healthcare in order to control the CAD. Editora / Evento / Instituição: Universidade Federal Da Bahia Tipo: Dissertação

Experiências de mulheres com doença falciforme com aborto e morte fetal

Mon, 19 Mar 2018 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Experiências de mulheres com doença falciforme com aborto e morte fetal Autor(es): Silva, Ueigla Batista da Primeiro Orientador: Ferreira, Silvia Lúcia Abstract: Sickle cell disease directly interferes with the experience and reproductive health of women. It does not contraindicate pregnancy, however, because of its potential for severity, gestation in women with this diagnosis is considered to be at high risk. It is emphasized that pregnancy is a very desired event where it creates expectations regarding maternity, yet for women with sickle cell disease it is another risk factor, which may leave them insecure and fearful about the future of gestation, health. The loss of the child during gestation brings diverse reactions, usually very suffered. There is a devaluation of the woman's self-image by the feeling that her body could not function properly during gestation or by the belief that it is not able to play its biological and conjugal role. The objective of the research is to analyze the experiences of women with sickle cell disease in situations of loss, caused by spontaneous abortion, fetal death and how they reconfigure the wishes of motherhood. This is a qualitative study, carried out with 20 women with confirmed diagnosis of sickle cell disease, who already had experience of gestational losses and registered in the Municipal Ambulatory of Viral Hepatitis and Sickle Disease of Salvador / BA, through semi-structured interviews using as method of analysis the Discourse of the Collective Subject. The results show that in the face of pregnancy and motherhood, coping with death can be an extremely painful experience for both the pregnant woman and her family, guilt, depression, sadness, institutional racism and lack of professional preparation are signs of injury psychological symptoms suffered by women, indicating how deeply the loss sensitizes them, causing them to suffer physically and emotionally. The results show how the lives of these women were strongly marked by disease and gestational loss. Maternity in women with sickle cell disease presents several concepts and different ways of thinking, the experience of motherhood is impa time, many expectations and feelings, especially when it refers to a state of waiting / uncertainty, as is the gestation of women with the disease to an objective reality of motherhood. The speeches present the participation of the companion and the family and the importance of their support during the life and the choices of the women in coping with the disease and in the reproductive decisions. The issue in focus has been the subject of discussion in the scope of public health policies. In order to make these policies feasible, it is necessary to seek the meaning of the expression of gestational loss and the meaning of motherhood, the option to have children, although at risk, must be ensured through family planning and prenatal care assistance quality. Editora / Evento / Instituição: Universidade Federal da Bahia Tipo: Dissertação

Fatores sociodemográficos de mães e clínicos de crianças com microcefalia associados à infecção pelo Zika vírus

Sun, 01 Jan 2017 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Fatores sociodemográficos de mães e clínicos de crianças com microcefalia associados à infecção pelo Zika vírus Autor(es): Santos, Josely Bruce Primeiro Orientador: Felzemburgh, Ridalva Dias Martins Abstract: Introduction: Microcephaly is defined as the reduction of the cephalic perimeter for at least two standard deviations in relation to the sex and gestational age of the child. In 2015, in the face of the outbreak of Zika virus in the country and its relation with the high incidence of live births with microcephaly, studies that contributed to the understanding of this new epidemic became necessary, since little is known about the theme. Thus, the general aim of the research was: To investigate the association between the sociodemographic factors of mothers and clinical factors of children with microcephaly associated with infection by zika virus. As specific aims: 1. To characterize the mothers of children with microcephaly according to sociodemographic factors; 2. Identify the clinical characteristics of children with microcephaly; 3. To estimate the prevalence of Zika virus infection in children with microcephaly; 4. To verify the association between the sociodemographic factors of mothers and clinical of children with microcephaly and estimate the prevalence of Zika virus infection in these children. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted at a State Hospital in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, with a population comprised of 51 infants and their respective mothers. Data were obtained by applying structured interviews to investigate the sociodemographic data of mothers and a clinical evaluation with general neurological approach to the children. It was performed a descriptive analysis of all the variables studied by calculating the absolute and relative frequencies for categorical variables, mean with standard deviation in the case of continuous variables, followed by the construction of tables. As a measure of association, PR (Prevalence Ratio) was estimated, with a 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI), in bivariate and multivariate analyzes. Results: the mean age of the mothers was 25 years (SD 6.28). Regarding race/color, the predominance of blacks (86.27%) was observed, and for marital status there was no significant difference between married (49.03%) and single women (50.98%), schooling was 58,82% for high school, with 88.24% unemployed and 90.2% had a mosquito focus in their homes. Regarding sociodemographic data of the mothers, there was no statistical significance due to the homogeneity of the studied population, but the variables schooling, occupation and focus of the mosquito had a non-significant positive association, with a prevalence ratio of (1.27); (1.67) and (2.06) respectively. The univariate logistic regression analysis for the clinical data, showed the reflexes of moro, palmar grasp, rooting, walking, asphyxia escape, axial hypotonia, appendicular hypertonia with and without stimulation, hyperreflexia, irritability and tremors, as factors associated with microcephaly due to infection with Zika Virus. Of these, only the variable walking was identified as a factor independently associated to the outcome, according to the multivariate model. Conclusion: this study pointed out the clinical factors associated with Zika virus infection in children with microcephaly in the studied population. Although sociodemographic data have not reached statistical significance, it is essential to conduct an evaluation that considers the context in which the child is inserted so that early intervention strategies are designed to optimize the development of these children. Editora / Evento / Instituição: Universidade Federal da Bahia Tipo: Dissertação

Contribuições do programa de residência multiprofissional para inserção profissional de enfermeiros

Mon, 01 Jan 2018 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Contribuições do programa de residência multiprofissional para inserção profissional de enfermeiros Autor(es): Carvalho, Danuza Jesus Mello de Abstract: O objetivo geral: Analisar as contribuições do programa de residência multiprofissional para inserção profissional de enfermeiros. Como objetivos específicos: caracterizar as egressas do curso residência multiprofissional e identificar as contribuições do programa de residência multiprofissional para inserção profissional de enfermeiros. Método :Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa. Constituíram-se, como participantes dessa pesquisa, dezenove egressos dos programas de residência concluintes do ano de 2007 até 2017. Para a aplicação do roteiro de entrevista foi utilizada a técnica da entrevista semiestruturada. A coleta dos dados foi realizada nos meses maio até dezembro de 2017 e janeiro de 2018 nas seis Comissões de Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde ou em Área Profissional da Saúde no município de Salvador, no estado da Bahia. As entrevistas foram gravadas e submetidas à Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados: As contribuições do programa de residência multiprofissional para inserção profissional de enfermeiros, identificadas neste estudo revelado pelos egressos foram: a prática do Marketing Pessoal através da construção do Network nos cenários de ensino e aprendizagem, e a formação de profissionais valorizados pelo mercado de trabalho. Conclusão: Concluo que o curso propicia ao egresso uma oportunidade para divulgar intencionalmente sua imagem perante ao grupo, construir relações que possibilitam projetar sua imagem para outros espaços e forma profissionais valorizados pelo mercado de trabalho favorecendo a sua inserção.; The general objective: To analyze the contributions of the multiprofessional residency program for the professional insertion of nurses. As specific objectives: to characterize the graduates of the multiprofessional residency course and to identify the contributions of the multiprofessional residency program for the professional insertion of nurses. Method: This is an exploratory study with a qualitative approach. As participants in this research, nineteen egresses from residency programs that concluded from the year 2007 to 2017 were constituted. For the application of the interview script, the semi-structured interview technique was used. Data collection was performed in the months of May through December 2017 and January 2018, in the six Multiprofessional Residency Commissions in Health or Professional Health Area, in the city of Salvador, in the state of Bahia. The interviews were recorded and submitted to the Bardin Content Analysis. Results: The contributions of the multiprofessional residency program for the professional insertion of nurses, identified in this study, revealed by the graduates were: the practice of Personal Marketing through the construction of the Network in the teaching and learning scenarios, and the training of professionals valued by the labor market. Conclusion: I conclude that the course provides the egress an opportunity to intentionally disclose their image to the group, to build relationships that make it possible to project their image to other spaces and form professionals valued by the labor market favoring their insertion. Tipo: Dissertação