https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/7423 2026-05-05T02:30:22Z https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/44290 Título: Gastos com gestão de recursos naturais nos municípios brasileiros e impacto nas eleições no período de 2015 a 2024: uma análise à luz da teoria da Escolha pública Autor(es): Oliveira, Nverson da Cruz Primeiro Orientador: Silva, Lindomar Pinto da Abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between spending on natural resource management and the political ideologies of Brazilian municipal managers from 2015 to 2024, as well as to analyze the influence of this spending on reelection trends in the 2016 and 2020 elections, in light of Public Choice Theory. The research was based on the central premise of Public Choice Theory, according to which political agents act driven by rational incentives aimed at maximizing political utility, guiding their decisions more by strategic calculations and electoral demands than by ideological convictions. Thus, Brazilian municipalities between 2015 and 2024 were analyzed using panel data techniques and Difference-in-Differences models, evaluating how managers from different ideological spectrums manage environmental spending volumes. The results show that total expenditures influence environmental spending, while party ideology does not show statistical significance. Mayors from the left, center, and right exhibit similar levels of environmental spending, contradicting the expectation that progressive leaders would allocate more resources to the sector. Causal estimates indicate no effect of switching to left-wing mayors on environmental spending. Findings regarding reelection reveal that, although there is a positive association between environmental spending and reelection, this effect is modest when compared to the substantial impact of total expenditures, suggesting that the electorate responds more to broad and visible policies than to specific investments in sustainability. Additionally, content analysis of party platforms shows that all parties incorporate, to a greater or lesser degree, references to the environment, although with different emphases. The left prioritizes normative statements, while center and right-wing parties present a greater volume of mentions distributed among categories of environmental management and territorial sustainability. However, such discursive differences do not translate into practical differences in municipal spending, reinforcing the Public Choice Theory argument that environmental discourses function as instruments of political signaling intended to capture the approval of the median voter, but have a low capacity to guide budgetary decisions. This study contributes to the literature by showing that party ideology, by itself, does not determine environmental spending patterns in Brazilian municipalities. By revealing that managers from different ideological spectrums exhibit similar fiscal behaviors in this domain, the results reinforce the analytical utility of Public Choice Theory. This theory allows us to understand that, in the municipal arena, decisions regarding environmental policy tend to reflect strategic calculations guided by the logic of political self-interest. Thus, Public Choice Theory is confirmed as an interpretative framework to explain why ideological differences declared in party programs do not necessarily translate into material differences in environmental spending, offering a theoretical framework capable of illuminating the practical convergence observed between left-wing, center, and right-wing managers. Editora / Evento / Instituição: Universidade Federal da Bahia Tipo: Tese 2025-12-12T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/44279 Título: Parcerias intersetoriais em inovação social: uma perspectiva entre diferentes atores Autor(es): Jesus, Grayceane Bomfim Santos de Primeiro Orientador: Santos, Maria Elisabete Pereira dos Abstract: Social innovation has been gaining prominence in academic, managerial, and political discussions due to its potential to generate positive social impact and help solve complex societal problems. Although the term has gained relevance in recent years, there is still room for new contributions, so Social innovation has been considered an innovative method that produces goods and services in a participatory way, in order to reduce social inequalities. Because it encompasses complex problems, it has commonly been developed in interaction with various social actors (individuals, organizations, government, universities, among others), organized under different legal types (cooperatives, social organizations, non-profit organizations, private companies, social enterprises, hybrid organizations, among others). These interactions with various actors, within the SI environment, have been studied in the literature as intersectoral partnerships, considered actions, agreements, or networks of collaboration and support between actors from different segments (government, private sector, and third sector). However, despite the literature reporting that social innovation is the result of partnerships between various segments, its internal dynamics and interactions still require further study. This descriptive and exploratory thesis, employing a qualitative analysis approach, discusses how the characteristics, motivations, values, and actions that constitute intersectoral partnerships are articulated in the production of social innovation within the experiences of the Lagoa Mundaú Social Innovation Ecosystem and the Sergipe Women's Solidarity Network. To this end, two social innovation initiatives established in Northeast Brazil (Alagoas and Sergipe) were selected for analysis of the intersectoral partnerships involved. Data collection instruments included documents and semi-structured interviews with managers, partners of the initiatives, and their respective members/beneficiaries. Data processing was carried out through content analysis. This sought elements in the sources of evidence that allowed verification of whether the presented records and discourses are in accordance with the theoretical postulates. The study found that the production of democratic social innovation occurs through the articulation of converging motivations, complementary values and characteristics, and structured actions of intersectoral partners. From this perspective, it is understood that the articulation of these elements does not occur independently, but rather they influence and guide each other, allowing divergences to be transformed into convergences, which, in turn, favors the production of social innovation and the construction of more effective responses to existing demands. It was also possible to infer new constitutive elements of partnerships between various sectors within the scope of social innovation, enabling the construction of future models to be applied within the scope of democratic social innovation. The research advances theoretically by positioning itself within the radical or democratic aspect of social innovation, a still incipient field that diverges from the instrumental/entrepreneurial aspect, predominant in Brazilian literature, and presents empirical relevance by investigating the relationship between intersectoral partnerships and democratic social innovation in initiatives of a local context and in an emerging country (Global South), filling a gap in studies that are mostly concentrated in the Global North. Editora / Evento / Instituição: Universidade Federal da Bahia Tipo: Tese 2026-01-07T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/44223 Título: Política ambiental e regulação urbana: cobertura vegetal e desigualdade socioambiental em Salvador Autor(es): Santos, Rossana Alcântara Primeiro Orientador: Pedrassoli, Julio César Abstract: The crisis in climate systems is a consequence of the construction of mistaken paths of the model of civilization development consolidated in modern society, a trajectory characterized by the relationship of conflict between society and nature. At the local level, the distribution pattern of urban vegetation cover plays an essential role in systemic interaction in the water and thermodynamic balance in cities, contributing to the regulation of the different intra-urban microclimatic conditions, in the face of the emerging global environmental crisis. The objective is to understand the implications of the urban-environmental policy that underpins urban regulation, in the expansion, maintenance and retraction of the intra-urban distribution of vegetation cover and, how this condition impacts on socio-environmental inequality in the city of Salvador in the period from 2004 to 2020 in addition to identifying and proposing a guiding parameter, an indicator of vegetation cover, that can contribute to the restructuring of the intraurban distribution of vegetation. The aim is to fill the gap in the creation of metrics for the intraurban distribution of vegetation, as a contribution to urban planning in addressing socioenvironmental inequality and the risks of climate disasters in urban space. The following research has a critical exploratory qualitative-quantitative case study approach. The methodology used involves the systematization of primary data in a GEE environment, allowing the spatio-temporal analysis of the interrelationship between the indicators of the Percentage of Vegetation Cover (PVC), the Land Surface Temperature (LST) and the Perception of Street Trees by the Population (PerARB), by neighborhood - the intersection between these referred databases reflects the way in which urban-environmental policy was established throughout the analyzed period. The research carried out reveals a significant disproportion in the intra-urban distribution pattern of vegetation cover, since 66% of all neighborhoods have PVC below 10%. When crossing data from the PVC and LST by neighborhood, in two study subperiods (2005/2012 and 2013/2020), it is identified that from the PVC level of 32% (limit point) the vegetation cover starts to contribute to the attenuation of temperatures. Only 12% of the total neighborhoods in the city (20 of 163) have a PVC value of 32% and, in almost all of them, they have an inadequate internal distribution. It is verified that the urban-environmental regulations analyzed deal generically with the protection of urban vegetation and do not incorporate in the instructions minimum parameters that can fully contribute to the delimitation of the quantity, quality and intra-urban distribution of vegetation cover. Therefore, urban-environmental public policies which incorporate urban regulation instruments within the scope of municipal management in the period from 2004 to 2020 in Salvador have implied the construction of distribution patterns of vegetation cover ending up institutionalizing its suppression. The development of diagnostics to identify the “limit point” allows the proposition of a parameter that guides intra-urban vegetation cover at multiple scales, proving to be an important instrument for urban environmental policy in the procedural restructuring and equitable maintenance of the quality of the environment and life in cities. Editora / Evento / Instituição: Universidade Federal da Bahia Tipo: Tese 2025-01-27T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/44184 Título: “Lá em cima e cá embaixo”: percepções dos sujeitos da Vitória e Gamboa de Baixo sobre as desigualdades socioespaciais em Salvador- BA Autor(es): Gomes, Almerinda Andréa Pontes Silva Primeiro Orientador: Araújo, Edgilson Tavares de Abstract: This doctoral thesis investigates urban sociospatial inequality in the city of Salvador (Bahia, Brazil), based on the analysis of the perceptions of different social actors who experience daily life in two emblematic territories of the metropolis: the Vitória neighborhood, characterized by high income levels and advanced infrastructure, and the Gamboa de Baixo community, marked by urban precariousness and historical exclusion. Grounded in a critical Marxist perspective, sociospatial inequality is understood here as a concrete manifestation of socioeconomic inequality, produced and reproduced by the logic of the capitalist mode of production, whose structural contradictions shape urban space by generating privileged centralities and marginalized peripheries. This is a qualitative research, based on triangulation between semi-structured interviews, documentary analysis, and theoretical-conceptual review. Eighteen social actors (residents, workers, entrepreneurs, and institutional managers) who live or work in the two territories were interviewed. The content analysis of the interviews revealed contrasting perceptions regarding belonging, identity, exclusion, access to rights, and responsibilities for urban inequalities. The dominant class tends to naturalize inequality and attribute responsibility to individuals or the State, legitimizing the elitist appropriation of urban space. Workers, although aware of the inequalities, often lack understanding of their structural causes, limiting their actions to claims for specific rights. The State, in turn, appears in the narratives as either absent or complicit in processes that reinforce sociospatial segregation The thesis confirms that urban inequalities in Salvador are the result of a broader sociohistorical process, whose roots lie in the structures of capital, in the mechanisms of elite urban reproduction, and in the inadequacy of inclusive public policies. The research contributes to the understanding of the multiple dimensions of urban sociospatial inequality by articulating critical theory, empirical analysis, and the sensitive listening of social subjects. By shedding light on the perceptions of those who experience the unequal city, this study aims to foster reflections on the right to the city, urban justice, and social transformation. Editora / Evento / Instituição: Universidade Federal da Bahia Tipo: Tese 2025-11-18T00:00:00Z