https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/3455 2026-05-05T02:31:47Z https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/42731 Título: O declínio do espólio: razão, sofrimento e moralidade em Arthur Schopenhauer e Fiódor Dostoiévski Autor(es): Calou, Ângela Lima Primeiro Orientador: Saes, Sílvia Faustino de Assis Abstract: The present work is determined as a dialogue between philosophy and literature through the articulation of the thought of Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) and the mature work of Fyodor Dostoevsky (1821-1881), with a view to exploring the visible relations from which it’s possible to support the thesis that the philosophy of one and the literature of the other illuminate each other mutually and even present an aspect of complementarity. In this attempt to interpret the extent to which the Dostoyevskian literary world is expressed in Schopenhauerian terms, the notions of reason, suffering and morality are placed in a central position. In concept and image, the ideal of a teleological history is doubly refused, bringing rationality back to the encounter with finitude. It’s the return to the problem of suffering, which doesn’t concern a stage to be overcome dialectically by the political and moral progress of humanity, but the constitutive dimension of the human being. It means to appreciate him according to his abysses: in the irrationality of his will, in the evil positively established by his colossal selfishness inscribed in the heart of a muted nature; but, also in the miracle of goodness which constitutes itself as moral action, founded on the feeling of compassion to express the intuition of the gratuitousness of universal pain. I propose the interpretation that these authors make up a dialogic field that represents a response to the ethical-existential problems arising from the optimism of rationalism and scientific positivism at that time. It isn’t, therefore, purported to affirm a relationship of influence, whose presupposition is the existence of a philosopher Dostoyevsky who makes his literature the instrument of realization of a hidden philosophy indebted to Schopenhauer’s work. Or that it is intended to be, before, signal that the images produced by the mature prose of the Muscovite writer lead to conceptually elaborated contents by the author of The World as Will and Representation, illuminating them not by a simple and remarkable coincidence, but by the fact that both take of a same malaise. Editora / Evento / Instituição: UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA BAHIA Tipo: Tese 2024-11-22T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/42228 Título: O romance A náusea e a desconstrução do sujeito em Sartre Autor(es): Pinheiro, Rafael de Sousa Primeiro Orientador: Ferreira, Acylene Maria Cabral Abstract: This thesis investigates the place and function occupied by the novel Nausea in the philosophical context of the 1930s in Sartrean thought. To this end, we initially address the specificities of the relationship between philosophy and literature in Sartre, as well as his notion of “creative unity”. Then, when we analyze the subjectivity of philosophical construction and the existential phenomenology project, we note that when Sartre criticizes Husserl's conception of the ego, the motivations and justification of Epoché, he realizes that this suspension is not an intellectual method, but an anguish, this leads us to elucidate an internal need of Sartre's philosophy in relation to literature, which is to understand human reality in its ambiguity and contingency, since they are not reducible to philosophical conceptual expression. Finally, by examining the novel Nausea considering the philosophical background and literary problems belonging to the Sartrian phenomenological-existential construction, we explain that the novel function is the literary idealism deconstruction in face of the bourgeois spirit, as well as the subject idea, and that the place occupied by the novel in Sartrian creative unit is a double of Sketch for a Theory of Emotions. Editora / Evento / Instituição: Universidade Federal da Bahia Tipo: Tese 2025-03-28T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/42022 Título: Heidegger e o ápice da metafísica Autor(es): Jesus, Adrielle Costa Gomes de Primeiro Orientador: Ferreira, Acylene Maria Cabral Abstract: This thesis aims to problematize the proposal of overcoming metaphysics presented by Heidegger and, with it, the place of his thought in the stage in which Western philosophy reaches its extreme possibility. Some critics argue that his question of being inaugurates a new mode of unveiling in the history of Western thought. And, therefore, they consider him either as a philosopher of the end of metaphysics, or as responsible for the emergence of a post-modern and post-humanist thought. We will see throughout this thesis that, despite such interpretations, Heidegger does not understand the possibility of overcoming metaphysics as a closure of the preceding history. But as a recognition of the unveiling of being as a condition for the historicity from which metaphysics unfolded and in which we are situated. With that, we will see that he is not consistent with his philosophy to think of it as an effort to break with this tradition, nor to think of the possibility of an epochal transition as an effort of an individual will. Such an overcoming depends on the dispositions of the being's own history. Editora / Evento / Instituição: Universidade Federal da Bahia Tipo: Tese 2022-11-22T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/41442 Título: Os limites do sentido da intuição em Kant e Husserl Autor(es): Bragagnolo, Felipe Primeiro Orientador: Ferreira, Acylene Maria Cabral Abstract: This thesis' aim is to analyze whether the sense of intuition can be expanded when comparing Husserl's descriptive phenomenology, as expressed in his Logical Investigations (1900-1901), with Kant's transcendental metaphysics in the Critique of Pure Reason (1787). The general hypothesis of this study suggests that both Kant and Husserl favor the defense of the sense of intuition reduced to the categorial sphere, making it necessary to enlarge the analysis of the sense to defend it as an independent and original structure of knowledge. In Kantian transcendental metaphysics, the a priori structure of understanding subsumes the sense expressed in empirical intuition, considering it to possess an intrinsic epistemic blindness. Although this intuition is responsible for granting sense to the concepts of understanding, the transcendent signification produced by the categories hides the original sense. Conversely, by removing the exclusivity of being from the copula of the judgment and demonstrating that the intensity of the fulfillment of categorial acts depends on the contents of sensible intuition, Husserl attributes categorial aspects to intuition, thus expanding the notion of sense. Following this Husserlian conceptualization, in History of the Concept of Time: Prolegomena (1925), Heidegger argues that the relational state of true-being and identical-being are a priori laws that subsist in themselves. This definition gains greater emphasis when we realize that it was already present, albeit in an incipient form, in Reinach's Concerning Phenomenology (1914), where he argues for the subsistence of the a priori. Thus, it becomes possible to defend greater autonomy of the sense of intuition concerning the categorial sphere, when grounded in the realist a priori theory of the laws of essence, perfected by the early Göttingen phenomenologists. Editora / Evento / Instituição: Universidade Federal da Bahia Tipo: Tese 2024-09-05T00:00:00Z