https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/16660 2026-05-03T05:43:38Z 2026-05-03T05:43:38Z Belém, Priscila Gonçalves Aragão https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/44209 2026-03-06T14:58:06Z 2024-12-17T00:00:00Z

Título: O sistema eleitoral distrital como instrumento de accountabilitty: revisão sistemática da literatura Autor(es): Belém, Priscila Gonçalves Aragão Primeiro Orientador: Arantes, Carla Galvão Pereira Abstract: Electoral rules, diverse social, political, and demographic contexts influence voter behavior. In Brazil, the possibility of changing the proportional electoral system to a majoritarian model (pure or mixed) presents itself as a viable instrument to improve the responsiveness of parliamentarians to the electorate. The Supreme Federal Court and part of the National Congress suggest that the majoritarian electoral system brings the voter closer to their representative, but few studies associate this system model with accountability. This work deals with a literature review that relates the majoritarian electoral system to accountability, with the purpose of considering the limits and potential of the majoritarian electoral system in controlling accounts. Through a systematic review of the scientific literature, research on the topic was gathered, in order to evaluate and synthesize the studies using the PICOC model, determining contexts, mechanisms, and results on the subject. The material was categorized according to Annex I, whose organization was carried out based on the variables found. In conclusion, the studies suggest that a majoritarian electoral system may be able to facilitate the identification of the representative by the voter, but this does not necessarily favor accountability, because it does not translate into the voter's ability to hold their representative accountable, which is more associated with institutional, macroeconomic, and sociodemographic aspects. The application of the study to the Brazilian reality shows that a change of system, with the aim of promoting better control of parliamentary acts, needs to be supported by studies that indicate relevant aspects for the control of accounts by the Brazilian electorate, among them: voter frequency at the polls, effect of district size on representation, existence of ideological linkage between the voter and preferred party, satisfaction with democracy, proportionality and representativeness of the system, influence of the party system on the electoral process, influence of the voter on parliamentary decisions, tendency towards bipolarity of the party system, how the voter holds the parliamentarian accountable, responsiveness of the representative. Editora / Evento / Instituição: Universidade Federal da Bahia Tipo: Dissertação

2024-12-17T00:00:00Z Silva, Luana Macedo de Souza https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/44052 2026-02-19T16:45:51Z 2025-12-15T00:00:00Z

Título: O letramento ambiental como estratégia de prevenção na gestão de incêndios florestais pelo Corpo de Bombeiros Militar da Bahia Autor(es): Silva, Luana Macedo de Souza Primeiro Orientador: Oliveira Júnior, Valdir Ferreira de Abstract: This study analyzes wildfire risk in the state of Bahia, Brazil, and designs an environmental literacy program framed as a social technology embedded in the Bahia Military Fire Brigade (CBMBA) to prevent wildfires in the Caatinga, Cerrado and Atlantic Forest biomes. It is an applied, mixed-method (quantitative–qualitative) investigation with a descriptive–exploratory design and a product-development component. The methodological pathway is organized into three axes: (a) an environmental diagnosis of wildfires in Bahia between 1998 and 2024, based on historical series of active fire detections from BDQueimadas/INPE and burned-area estimates from MapBiomas Fogo; (b) a structured survey of 198 military firefighters who completed the Wildland Fire Prevention and Suppression Course, with 123 valid responses (response rate of 62.1%) analyzed using descriptive statistics; and (c) a critical–interpretive integration of results under the HEVC framework (hazard, exposure, vulnerability, capacity), the Brazilian National Policy for Civil Protection and Defense (PNPDEC), the National Policy on Integrated Fire Management (PNMIF), the National Environmental Education Policy (PNEA), the Sendai Framework and the literature on environmental literacy and risk governance. The findings indicate intense and recurrent fire pressure in Bahia, with marked seasonality between August and October, peaks in September, and distinct risk configurations across biomes, combining drought, land-use change, socio-environmental vulnerabilities and asymmetric institutional capacities. The survey highlights accumulated operational experience, a shared perception that prohibition- and suppression-only strategies are insufficient, logistical constraints and an explicit demand for systematic educational engagement with rural communities and schools. The synthesis of these elements supports the proposal of an environmental literacy program anchored in the CBMBA, structured in training modules and participatory strategies to strengthen community and institutional capacities for critical risk interpretation and vulnerability reduction in the face of wildfires in Bahia. Editora / Evento / Instituição: Universidade Federal da Bahia Tipo: Dissertação

2025-12-15T00:00:00Z Bedam, Amadú Victor https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/42905 2025-09-12T20:48:38Z 2021-02-26T00:00:00Z

Título: Direitos humanos face ao sistema carcerário da Guiné-Bissau: a contribuição das formas de punição pré-colonial para o atual modelo prisional Autor(es): Bedam, Amadú Victor Primeiro Orientador: Santos, André Luís Nascimento dos Abstract: The precarious situations of some prisons in the world, and in Africa in particular, have triggered concerns of some States and bodies that promote and protect human rights. The precariousness of the prisons and their inefficiency in the rehabilitation of inmates resulted in several alternative penal policies, adopted by some countries in order to alleviate the deficits found in their respective prison systems. This research is based on the premise that the biggest problem in the African prison system is the overcrowding of cells and the deterioration of prison buildings. Data from the 2008 African Prisons Survey reveals that the global average rate of arrests awaiting trial is 29%, in Africa it is 36%. The reality of the prison population in Guinea-Bissau is no different, for example, the Bandim detention center with the capacity to hold up to 56 people currently has 120 inmates. With the political instability and the current economic situation in the country, the need to adopt prison policies capable of promoting and protecting the rights of people deprived of their freedoms, as well as providing them with true rehabilitation, is evident. That is, penal policy should start with a restorative rather than a retributive bias. Based on this assumption, the objective of this research is to propose a system of social control capable of respecting the country's cultural diversity, that is, seeking to reconcile Guinean customary law and the current positive law through elicitive dialogue. Above all, its forms of social control, the aforementioned dialogue must ensure respect for the human and fundamental rights of people deprived of their freedoms, as well as respecting the Guinean cultural mosaic. Therefore, with the fusion of alternative punishment measures, national and international instruments for human rights in the country, and Guinean interculturality, we will thus have a model of effective and efficient social control, which we call Multicultural Alternative Penalties. Editora / Evento / Instituição: Universidade Federal da Bahia Tipo: Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso

2021-02-26T00:00:00Z Teixeira, Camila Angélica Canário de Sá https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/42405 2025-09-26T14:16:06Z 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z

Título: A Defensoria Pública e o papel da mulher nas carreiras militares: um estudo sobre a representatividade feminina e as iniciativas institucionais voltadas ao tema no âmbito da Polícia Militar do Estado da Bahia, de 2019 a 2022 Autor(es): Teixeira, Camila Angélica Canário de Sá Primeiro Orientador: Souza, Karine Freitas Abstract: In Brazil, women entered military careers around 1950, being a recent achievement in our democracy. In Bahia, the literature indicates that this access began in 1980. However, a model persists in which it is not common for women to occupy spaces in a significant way. Both from the point of view of access and from the point of view of advancement, it is necessary to evaluate the context in which this woman is inserted, addressing their level of representation within the Military Police of Bahia, forty years after their first entry. On the other hand, the Public Defender's Office, with the advent of LC 80/94, emerged as an institution focused on promoting Human Rights, with gender equality asits main banner. Within the scope of the internal organization of the Defender's Office, it is clear that the defense of military personnel cannot be dissociated from the critical outlook and values advocated as the foundations of the Defender's Office's raison d'être.This is the driving force for the limitation on the entry of women and the low representation in command posts to have been observed and questioned in a public hearing aimed at this purpose on February 6, 2020. Thus, the path forward points to the creation of an Observatory of Institutional Gender Violence organized by the Public Defender's Office with the aim of continually collecting more accurate data on the reality stated to support actions that may impact in some way on the given panorama. The observatory will also provide data on the reality of military firefighters, thus closing the state public security forces. The present study considers the theory of the glass ceiling (ceillingglass) in Daniela Versola Vaz, Laudicéia Soares de Oliveira, Andreia Valeria Steil and Cristina Tavares da Costa Rocha, from a feminist epistemological perspective and proposes to be structured in the field of everyday interactions .Instruments such as a historical and conceptual survey of central elements were used to better understand the career structure. Data collection and the state of the art are included to evaluate the current situation of women's role in this career, in the time frame from 2019 to 2022, evaluating legal and constitutional aspects to extract the data necessary to map the situation, and how This has repercussions on the proposal to create and structure an Observatory of Institutional Gender Violence in the Public Defender's Office. The research points to a gradual increase in representation, for now more present in access, as ascension to higher positions is slower. Editora / Evento / Instituição: Universidade Federal da Bahia Tipo: Dissertação

2024-01-01T00:00:00Z