https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/1299 2026-05-03T15:49:59Z 2026-05-03T15:49:59Z Santiago, Nadjane Sandes https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/42205 2026-03-25T13:39:29Z 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z

Título: Hábitos alimentares de Subulo (Cervidae, Mammalia) durante evento de expansão populacional no Quaternário tardio brasileiro Autor(es): Santiago, Nadjane Sandes Primeiro Orientador: Hubbe, Alex Abstract: The fossil record from Gruta Cuvieri (Minas Gerais) documents an event of population expansion of Subulo gouazoubira Fisher 1814, Cervidae, which occurred close to the Pleistocene-Holocene transition. Due to this, it is important to explore the causes of this population expansion. One hypothesis that could explain the observed patterm is a change in the species' eating habits over time. In this study, we investigated this issue through the analysis of dental microwear produced during chewing. We examined the occlusal surface of replicas of second molars (M2) from 20 left hemimandibles, with four samples from the Pleistocene and 16 from the Holocene. The dental microwear features (coarse scratch, fine scratch, large pit, and small pit) were observed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) technique, from which four replicas were discarded and 16 replicas were evaluated. These features were subsequently qualified and quantified semi-automatically using the MicroWeaR package for the R programming language. The difference in medians between the two time epochs was tested using the Kruskal-Wallis test (based on the results of the Shapiro-Wilk normality test), and the data were also analyzed through Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The Kruskal-Wallis test did not support a difference in diet over time, while PCA supported this result. Although no temporal differences were observed in the diet, the PCA revealed two main diet trends based on the variance and covariance of dental microwear features: a mixed diet with fruits, dominated by leaves (browsers), and a mixed diet with fruits, dominated by grasses (grazers). The quantity of scratches separated the two main diet groups: browsers and grazers, while the pits indicated a mixed diet with fruits, suggesting harder foods due to the existence of thick skin and/or hard seeds. This study demonstrates the importance of analyzing dental microwear in paleoecological investigations, providing a robust methodology for identifying dietary patterns and aiding in paleoenvironmental interpretation. It also highlights challenges in inferring diet from dental microwear data, such as potential interference from differences in eating habits due to climatic seasonality, changes in habitat for the group, or taphonomic effects in the cave context. This study also highlights some of the challenges faced when inferring diet from data on dental microwear, since the interpretation may suffer interference due to the way in which this wear is imprinted on the tooth and the possibility of its obliteration due to, among other factors, taphonomic effects on the tooth on cave context. Editora / Evento / Instituição: Universidade Federal da Bahia Tipo: Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso

2023-01-01T00:00:00Z Silva, Ariane Gonçalves da https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/40476 2024-10-22T14:07:16Z 2024-09-02T00:00:00Z

Título: Percepções e experiências dos residentes de comunidades empobrecidas de Salvador - BA sobre a infestação de roedores Autor(es): Silva, Ariane Gonçalves da Primeiro Orientador: Souza, Fábio Neves Abstract: Daily exposure to rodent infestations leads to stress and concerns about health and well-being. In urban impoverished communities, these effects are often exacerbated by poor environmental and sanitary conditions and a sense of powerlessness to control their surroundings. Although the influence of environmental and socioeconomic factors is recognized, few studies in Brazil explore how prolonged exposure affects environmental perceptions in impoverished areas. To address this, we conducted a cross-sectional and qualitative study in urban communities in Salvador, Bahia, to understand residents' perceptions, experiences, and practices regarding rodent infestations. We used individual and household surveys, as well as focus group discussions. Residents demonstrated awareness of the environmental factors that contribute to infestations and reported their control practices. They frequently observed rodents in public spaces, residential areas, and peridomestic zones, and expressed feelings of disgust and danger. Despite this, they felt that exposure to rats and the diseases they transmit was “inevitable” and had grown accustomed to their presence. Due to neglect by authorities, they have developed their coping mechanisms, relying on community initiatives and social support. These findings highlight how environmental and socioeconomic factors shape individual perceptions. They suggest a need for comprehensive, integrated interventions that address individual, community, institutional, and public policy levels simultaneously. Editora / Evento / Instituição: Universidade Federal da Bahia Tipo: Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso

2024-09-02T00:00:00Z Souza, Fábio Neves https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/36323 2022-11-26T05:04:53Z 2018-02-20T00:00:00Z

Título: Riqueza, distribuição e determinantes ambientais de moluscos terrestres associados a Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Autor(es): Souza, Fábio Neves Primeiro Orientador: Carvalho-Pereira, Ticiana Soares de Andrade de Editora / Evento / Instituição: Universidade Federal da Bahia Tipo: Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso

2018-02-20T00:00:00Z Barbosa, Naira Costa Soares https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/18802 2026-03-25T14:27:50Z 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z

Título: Anatomia foliar comparada de quatro espécies de Passiflora L. (Passifloraceae) infectadas pelo vírus do endurecimento dos frutos do maracujazeiro Autor(es): Barbosa, Naira Costa Soares Abstract: A família Passifloraceae apresenta várias espécies de grande importância ecológica e econômica. No Brasil, o maracujá amarelo, Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Deg., é a principal espécie cultivada e comercializada. Um dos maiores problemas enfrentados pelos produtores são as doenças causadas por vírus, bactérias e fungos, sendo o endurecimento dos frutos, causado pelo Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus, ou pelo Passionfruit woodiness virus, a principal delas. A virose caracteriza-se por alterações nas folhas, como mosaico e bolhosidades, e diminuição da qualidade dos frutos, havendo endurecimento, redução do pericarpo e da produtividade. Entre as espécies silvestres de Passiflora, algumas apresentam maior resistência ao vírus, tendo menor comprometimento quando infectadas, podendo assim contribuir para o aumento da resistência dos cultivares comerciais por meio de hibridações interespecíficas, devendo-se para tanto, conhecer quais as características estão relacionadas à resistência e à suscetibilidade. Os estudos anatômicos podem servir como ferramenta para a identificação destas características. Este trabalho teve como objetivo, através de análises histológicas das folhas, identificar as características relacionadas a resistência e suscetibilidade ao vírus em quatro espécies de Passiflora: P. edulis f. flavicarpa (cultivada), P. cincinnata, P. gibertii e P. setacea (silvestres). Para isso foram feitas avaliações anatômicas de plantas infectadas e sadias, das quatro espécies. As superfícies foram analisadas em microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Para a confecção das lâminas semi-permanentes, fez-se cortes paradérmicos do limbo, e transversais do limbo e pecíolo, que foram clarificados e corados com safranina alcóolica 1% e azul de Astra + safranina (9:1), respectivamente. Avaliou-se as plantas qualitativamente, pela observação das lâminas, e quantitativamente, através da mensuração da espessura das epidermes, dos parênquimas, da espessura total do limbo e da densidade estomática. Com os dados obtidos, realizou-se o teste T, comparando plantas infectadas com plantas sadias, em cada espécie. Observou-se nas espécies silvestres, deposição de cera epicuticular cristaloide, ausente na espécie cultivada. As análises qualitativas mostraram que das espécies silvestres, P. gibertii foi a espécie menos impactada. Porém, as análises quantitativas, revelaram menores diferenças entre os indivíduos infectados em relação aos sadios para P. setacea. As espécies P. gibertii e P. setacea foram identificadas como mais resistentes ao vírus. Tipo: Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso

2013-01-01T00:00:00Z