Análise Bourdesiana da identidade profissional da enfermeira na Atenção Primária à Saúde

Abstract

This research has aims to analyze the nurse's professional identity in primary health care and as specific objectives: to relate primary socialization with the nurse's professional identity in primary health care; identify nurses' self-representations and their impacts on professional identity; discuss the provisions incorporated by the nurse in primary health care and present the practice systems of nurses in primary health care. This is a qualitative research developed with nine nurses, in a city in inland Bahia - Brazil. Data collection occurred through semistructured interviews and data were processed by N-vivo software 10 and analyzed according to thematic analysis. The rules of Resolution n. 466 of 12 December 2012, of the National Health Council were followed in all research steps (CAAE: 95311918.4.0000.0053). Three categories of analysis were identified, each with three subcategories: (1) Representations of themselves: identity perspective of nurses in Primary Health Care, which is related to individual and collective perceptions, supporting positive or negative value, with an impact on Habitus and identity. This category generated three subcategories: Management, Professional Dilemmas and Health Practices. (2) Incorporated provisions: the subjective space between the I and the other, integrated with Habitus from a system prone to organizing the interactions and perceptions of individuals to society and their mode of reaction to that system. This category gave rise to three subcategories: Feeling of Excessive Accountability, Feeling of Obligation to do even without structural conditions and Work Overload. (3) System of practices of primary health care nurses, generated from the “practical Habitus” as it promotes the reproduction of regularities and objective conditions, but conditioning the social and situational requirements. Three subcategories were developed from this category: Prevention Practices, IndividualClinical Practices and Standardization of Assistance. The habitus of the primary health care nurse is dissolved and interconnected with hegemonic practices and conditioned to a field that generates disputes and regulated by a controlled autonomy with dichotomized practices. In this context, nurses, in an attempt to legitimize their identity and understand themselves, assume multiple functions, in order to add symbolic, social and economic capital, contributing to the rupture of their work process and professional identity. Dynamic and unfinished professional identity is tied to a forged Habitus, from the primary socializations that condition individual and social perspectives, through the embedding of unconscious dispositions that influence the understanding of one another, the conception of professional belonging and representation for society. The internalized Habitus has repercussions on one’s exteriorization and can add or decrease symbolic capital, giving rise to a system of fragmented and mischaracterized practices, conditioned and conditioning, in the field of Primary Health Care.