Resposta imune humoral associada a COVID longa

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 is a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 and causes different clinical manifestations, from asymptomatic patients to cases that have passed from ICU care. After the four-week period, most of those affected recovered, but there are reports of symptoms persisting beyond this period, which began to be treated as long-COVID. With this, it is necessary to identify markers that can support the diagnosis or early identify cases at risk of developing COVID-long. OBJECTIVE: In view of the above, the objective of this study was to identify, among clues related to the humoral immune response, potential biomarkers of prognosis and diagnosis of long-term COVID. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated the clinical data of patients in the acute and late phases, subdividing the groups between recovered patients and patients who evolved to long-term COVID-19, and we measured the efficacy, cytokines and chemokines of these patients in the acute and late phases of COVID-19. illness. RESULTS: We analyzed the kinetics of production of IgA, IgG, IgM and IgG subclasses throughout the progression of the disease by ELISA and the dosage of cytokines and chemokines by Luminex and investigated the relationship of these biomarkers with regard to disease progression. Thus, statistically significant levels of anti S1 IgM in the acute phase of patients who recovered from COVID-19 and higher levels of anti-nucleocapsid IgM in patients who evolved to long COVID in the late phase. There was also a difference in the levels of IL-27 and TNFa in the acute phase of patients who persisted with symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Higher levels of IgM S1 in the acute phase of COVID-19 can be a good prognostic indicator against the development of long-term COVID, as well as IL-27, TNFa and IgM anti nucleocaps can be identified as markers of poor prognosis.