Formação profissional técnica em enfermagem na rede federal de educação profissional, científica e tecnológica

Abstract

In the present organization model for providing healthcare, nursing technicians, besides comprising a significant proportion of the healthcare workforce, also perform multiple activities of direct care to users and, accordingly, require a consistent formation. In contrast to a strictly instrumental perspective of professional education, there was the implementation of the Federal Network, which preconizes the educational process as a social instrument for generating opportunities and reducing inequalities. In this regard, the present study had the purpose of analyzing technical professional education in nursing care offered by the Federal Network of Professional, Scientific and Technological Formation with emphasis to pedagogical projects in the course. The specific purposes being: to describe the distribution profile in the Brazilian territory of the Technical Professional Education in Nursing Care offered by the Federal Network and to characterize the pedagogical projects of the technical courses in nursing offered by the Federal Network. A descriptive exploratory research, with a quantitative and qualitative approach and documental nature. For data collection related to the offer of technical professional education in nursing care, the Nilo Peçanha Platform was used. Forthwith, the official websites of each institution were used for obtaining the pedagogical projects of the courses. In relation to the quantitative analysis, for interpretation of the results, descriptive statistics was used. As for qualitative analysis, content analysis was used. Once this is a documental study, submission to the Research Ethics Committee was waived. It was observed that 37 units offered technical course in nursing care, equivalent to 5.64% of the total, corresponding to 48 courses. An imbalance was verified in the distribution of courses among the regions of the country, with the Northeast and Southeast presenting a higher quantity of this educational level. This formation is not offered in municipalities with low Human Development Indexes. Only 26 pedagogical projects were located, representing 54.16% out of the total of courses. In relation to the year of publication of such projects, it was possible to observe a variation between 2010 and 2022. There was a predominance in the modality of subsequent offer. There were relevant discrepancies noted in the fulfillment of requirements related to items comprising the projects. Nevertheless, convergent aspects were also identified, especially, the commitment towards quality-education and focus on the use of active methodologies. Justifications and objectives are aligned with the educational principles of the Network, nevertheless distance themselves from the Unified Health System, which appears in an incipient manner. The projects shows important weaknesses in relation to the consonance between intentionality in educational and pedagogical practices, and the performance of curricular internships. It can be concluded that technical professional education in nursing care at the Federal Network carries structural and organization specificities. This technical education still occupies a timid position within federal education scenario, denoting deficiencies in articulations among the education and health sectors. However, the Network is an innovative proposal capable of promoting positive transformations within the context of educational and, consequently, in society.